advantages and disadvantages of submarines in ww1

What is the meaning of submarines by the lumineers? [5] In addition to the primary three classes the Germans also experimented with merchant submarines designed to sneak past the blockade but they were ineffective and only six were built.[6]. The small or modular reactors that are held up as the future of the industry wont be affordable until 2050. The cables offer high reliability and greater security as they are difficult to tap. i'm. The detection range is determined by the size of the submarine, its hull composition and orientation, the depth and complexity of its magnetic field, and the waters depth. Halpern, A Naval History of World War I, pp. The most significant neutral was the United States. Austria/ Hungry also had to fight on two . 1. At the outset of World War I, German U-boats, though numbering only 38, achieved notable successes against British warships; but because of the reactions of neutral powers (especially the United States) Germany hesitated before adopting unrestricted U-boat warfare against merchant ships. They were accompanied by a class of submarine minelayers, the UC class, which displaced just over 400 tons, could travel at eleven knots on the surface and nearly seven submerged, mounted an 8.8cm gun, and carried seven torpedoes along with eighteen mines. Did Russia sink the U.S. submarine during the Cold War? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Nuclear submarine technology does not lack these characteristics, which makes them useful as warships. The British further muddied the waters for German submarine commanders by flying the flags of neutral countries instead of their own flag, thus passing themselves off as neutrals. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Stauter-built wooden boats specialists daphne, alabama (mobile in the days when lawrence stauter began this business.wooden boats were. SSNs versatility and reach were demonstrated from the Falklands to Libya in recent years. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. How do food preservatives affect the growth of microorganisms? Both of the submarines propellers and rudder are located in the submarines outer hull. Vulnerable: Due to its lightweight nature, the U-boats were very vulnerable to attacks or any weapon used against it. An advantage was your enemies would have no idea of you being there until you shot a torpedo, which would damage supplies and the ship. What was the most significant use of German submarines? Spindler, Arno: Der Handelskrieg mit U-Booten, 5 volumes, Berlin; Frankfurt a. M. 1932-1966: E.S. The formidable U-boats (unterseeboots) prowled the Atlantic armed with torpedoes. They had more soldiers and greater industrial capacity. An advantage was your enemies would have no idea of you being there until you shot a torpedo, which would damage supplies and the ship. world war 1. that if it is leaked , It can damage both the human and the marine life. Limited supplies: U-boat used to carry a limited amount of supplies and torpedoes due to its small size. Germans unleash U-boats. The use of warships against commerce, or guerre de course, was governed by a series of rules designed to safeguard the lives of merchant seamen. The disadvantages: - ROVs are slower to perform tasks comparing to divers. Submarines played a significant military role for the first time during the First World War. 6 Which statement best describes Germanys submarine campaign during World War I a Germany made no use of submarines? How do I find incoming and outgoing calls on Android? The Germans thus began sinking the ships coming to Britain: enemy, neutral, civilian alike. In general, conventional submarines are less expensive to maintain and operate than nuclear-powered submarine, with a smaller vessel and lower operating costs. The submarines were no more effective attacking modern warships under Scheer than they had been earlier. SSKs lack speed, but the size of an SSN limits effective deployments in the littorals and estuaries, and its size gives a larger echo strength, increasing the probability of detection. [1] The German Admiralty Staff saw these weapons as key components in what they called Kleinkrieg, a form of naval guerrilla warfare in which light craft such as submarines and torpedo boats would be used in continual attacks against the stronger British fleet once the latter instituted a close blockade of Germanys ports. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Taken together these measures made following the rules of commerce warfare extremely hazardous for German submariners. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. There were 29 U-boats when the war started, although Germany built 360 of them during the war. In exchange they lost 229 submarines for an average of nearly 52,000 tons sunk per submarine. World war one, the submarine. In shallow water, you can see a sub directly above you. The Archimedes principle is used to construct a submarine. A sonobuoy, which is a cylindrical container that is parachuted into, is a type of projectile. The crew must be trained to work together efficiently and effectively. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Despite that enormous level of damage and the hopes invested in them by the German government, the submarines of World War One lacked the ability to win the war. restoration | stauter boats repair | mobile bay | fairhope, alabama Page 1 of 131 - boats for sale in alabama on boat trader.. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Although submarines are less vulnerable to attack, they are not invulnerable. What is meant by the competitive environment? Germany targeted any ship, naval or merchant, by using submarines called U-boats. In the end the German submarines had an enormous impact on the war. As a general rule, operating underwater gives submarines several distinct advantages and disadvantages. Press ESC to cancel. U-boats resumed unrestricted attacks against all ships in the Atlantic, including civilian passenger carriers. A Gotland class submarine made an ocean transit from the US East Coast in 2012, fully diving into the Atlantic without snorting. There are a total of [ 14 ] WW1 Submarines (1914-1918) entries in the Military Factory. L. Hunley (submarine). By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. [3] The submarines had reached their goal but the British had not surrendered; indeed, the campaign added the United States to Germanys list of enemies. Song of the week - "submarines" - the lumineers me to consider the submarine account less as a literal to interpret these lyrics-- thanks. The submarine is the stealthiest of all warships. The formidable U-boats (unterseeboots) prowled the Atlantic armed with torpedoes. World War I at Sea. By the time World War One had ended, aircraft had become far more sophisticated and had differentiated into fighters, bombers and long-range bombers. The Germans did develop submarines in the years before the war but they only possessed twenty-eight of them when war broke out in 1914. How long does a 5v portable charger last? It could also help break up an attack by infantry (soldiers on foot). The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The engine powers both the propeller and rudder on a submarine. i believe submarines underneath deep blue seas saw the flags:. The most obvious advantage is the ability to dive beneath the surface, thus avoiding gunfire and nullifying most weapons. What is fraction is greater 3 over 22 or 2 over 33. A magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) measures minute variations in the Earths magnetic field. By February 1917, the Germans had over 100 submarines available and Admiral Henning von Holtzendorff (1853-1919) presented information demonstrating that if those submarines could sink 600,000 tons of British and Allied shipping every month for six months that Britain would have to surrender as they no longer would have enough shipping to import the necessary amount of food to feed its people. To defend our country, these types of submarines must be fast and powerful, and their speed and endurance make them difficult targets. The submarine is the stealthiest of all warships. As the war dragged on into the winter of 1916-17 with no end in sight, and the potato crop failed, bringing on what became known as the Turnip Winter, the increasingly desperate German government turned back to the idea of unrestricted submarine warfare. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Which is correct poinsettia or poinsettia? It also gave then the ability to blockade the Central Powers. While far from enabling stealth in most conditions due to how spotting is done, it enables submarines to approach targets for torpedo attack. If Australia had started work on a nuclear reactor before the pandemic, it would not be in operation until about 2035. 5,000 ships What were the advantages and disadvantages of u-boats during world war 1 submarines. In the actual course of events, the British did not implement a close blockade, opting instead for a distant blockade at the exits to the North Sea. The development of aircraft was stimulated by the war's requirements, as was the way aircraft were actually used. Germany retaliated by using its submarines to destroy neutral ships that were supplying the Allies. He recalled an encounter with a British ship. Allied Submarines. 1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of submarine? The U.S. Navy is testing a new radar pod that detects submarine movement. One of the most famous World War I submarines was the German U-boat. Carry supplies: U-boats used to carry various supplies needed by the German army like food, water, ammunition, and other types of supplies needed for the German to win the war in the British waters. During World War One, developments were at a stage that gave the advantage to the defending army. could do this at that time (ww-l;) The A-9 was the top=-fleet You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Electric motors are used in conventional submarines to propel them, while batteries power diesel generators that power the engines. these had high surface speed- as did Throughout 1916 and 1917 aerial warfare developed from lone fighting to ever larger formations of aircraft and patrols. 3) Submarines were armed with. When the incidents continued, the submarines were first moved out of the Atlantic and into the Mediterranean, where there was very little American traffic. Submarine warfare In 1914 the U-boats chief advantage was to submerge; surface ships had no means to detect a submarine underwater, and no means to attack even if they could, while in the torpedo the U-boat had a weapon that could sink an armoured warship with one shot. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Who was responsible for determining guilt in a trial by ordeal? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The order, however, was temporary. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The last boat of the class, H-9, was commissioned after the war. The U.S. Navy has stated that there was a mistake that never happened. Copyright 2023 Stwnews.org | All rights reserved. Variants. What are the five laws used in submarine? Grner, Erich: Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815-1945, 2 volumes, Munich 1966-1968: Lehmanns. At the start of the war the Germans only trained special infantry troops, or "pioneers," to use hand grenades. The Russians had 41. - More abilites to perform mechanical, inspection and recording tasks. The most obvious advantage is the ability to dive beneath the surface, thus avoiding gunfire and nullifying most weapons. The Germans used primarily three types of submarines during the war, the U-boat, large fleet boats, and two smaller classes, the UB and UC boats. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. What did Germanys use of unrestricted submarine warfare show about the nature of WWI? In South Korea, there are three Type 214 submarine equipped with fuel cells. All of the submarines subsystems work together to create a buoyant force that keeps the vessel afloat. British and Allied submarines conducted widespread operations in the Baltic , North, Mediterranean and Black Seas along with the Atlantic Ocean. One way to look at the differences between them is by looking at the effects of having multiple wings. Submarines can also be modified to perform more specialized functions such as search-and-rescue missions or undersea cable repair. surface to recharge the batteries, a dangerous job, as fumes could Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. November 17, 2022 by Antonio. The sinking of the Cunard ocean liner 'Lusitania' by a German submarine off the Old Head of Kinsale, Ireland. The goal was to starve Britain before the British blockade defeated Germany. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The F-class submarines were based in the Pacific . Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Submarines inflicted more damage than surface craft Historian of archaeology Dr Amara Thornton explores a network of archaeologist-spies, codebreaking, mapping and running agents, and with expert contributors delves into the extraordinary double lives led by the critical players in the international theatres of World War One. They were decisive though; by bringing the worlds most powerful neutral into the war they sealed Germanys defeat. Because it is designed to operate underwater, it is less vulnerable to detection and attack than a surface ship. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Siphon depth) with about 2/3 propulsive power available. 2 How did Germanys use of submarines affect the war? part of this hazard with their Turbo-electric two-shaft A-9 class Disadvantages. 2 Memorial Drive, These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. What were the benefits of using submarines in warfare? H. L. Hunley Navies are trying to reduce magnetic signature by running currents through the hull and utilizing nonmagnetic materials as hull materials. During WWI, German military had adopted a policy called unrestricted submarine warfare. It could also help break up an attack by infantry (soldiers on foot). Because the Germans started sinking or cargo ships with their Submarine warfare in World War I was primarily a fight between German and Austro-Hungarian U-boats and supply convoys bound for the United Kingdom, France, and Russia. submarines the lumineers lyrics meaning The lumineers - submarines lyrics. How did Germany begin using submarines in February 1915? The Germans asserted the Lusitania was carrying war matriel and was therefore a legitimate target. later in the war, were the advantages and disadvantages of u. They can reach speeds of more than 20 knots (44.7 km/h; 82.8 mph) while submerged, and they can also stay submerged for extended periods of time. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The advantages of using Linux are numerous, but the drawbacks are numerous. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. How did Germany's use of submarines affect the war? pros cons this is a "unrestricted submarine warfare." The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". During an ASW mission, an aircraft crew employs a sophisticated array of hi-tech sensors to detect any traces of a submarine. The Boeing P-8A Poseidon, a model developed by Boeing in collaboration with OMA, is a variant of the Boeing 737. Allowed allies to get food and raw materials from around the world more easily. What advantages did submarines give in ww1? 8 How are nuclear submarines similar to nuclear power plants? Despite the fact that the Soviet Union has been abolished, its legacy of innovation and excellence lives on. Emissions from sources such as exhaust fumes or periscopes/wakes are easily detected using EO/IR systems. With a top speed of 82.8 km/h (51.4 mph), the worlds fastest submarine, K-222 was built in collaboration with the United States Navy. The goal was to starve Britain before the British blockade defeated Germany. The abilities of a submarine are generally regarded as having a significant offensive and defensive component. The submarine design that Jacques designed is very simple. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. What were the advantages and disadvantages of submarine warfare for Germany? Operating a submarine is a demanding task. The United States relies heavily on submarines for covert operations because they are less visible and less vulnerable to attack. Over the course of the war German submarines sank 6,394 ships displacing a combined total of 11,948,702 tons. Until they sunk the Lusitania. Although it was just shy of two decades after the first airplane was flown in the United States in 1903, by the time WWI broke out, the military already had plans for these new means . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The qualitative advantages of the US Navy's submarines and its experienced submariners vis--vis their Chinese counterparts, coupled with weaknesses in the PLAN's anti-submarine warfare capabilities, mean that the PLAN currently operates under very unfavourable circumstances in the subsurface domain - something Chinese analysts acknowledge. Over the course of the war German submarines sank 6,394 ships displacing a combined total of 11,948,702 tons. 128 US citizens lost their lives and the tragedy helped bring the USA into World War I. Machine gun . We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. He declined to ask Congress for a declaration of war at that time, arguing that Germany had still not committed any actual overt acts warranting a military response. You should note that submarines were in use well before WW Although not as well equipped as the Germans, all the principal Allied nations at the start of the war had submarines. That's one example of the alternatives to submarines that Nic Stuart referred to. The stealth and speed of German submarines gave Germany a considerable advantage in its dominance of the North Sea. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. An advantage was your enemies would have no idea of you being there until you shot a torpedo, which would damage supplies and the ship. The nuclear submarines cost a lot of money, They require many specialized equipment, facilities, and knowledge to both operate and maintain, When the submarines reactor system is overhauled, it requires that the entire engine compartment be removed & replaced. One such measure was to begin installing deck guns on their merchant ships which would allow the merchantman to open fire on a surfaced submarine. Another common technique is to use a system of pumps and vents to create a bubble of air around the submarine, which reduces the amount of water that the submarine has to push through. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The outer hull of the boat is made of a strong material, such as aluminum, in order to withstand the extreme pressure of the ocean. The disadvantage is if you're on that Target I'm listening to, feeding all of your information to Fire Control, who's feeding your information I'm feeding to them to the Torpedo Guidance System. All submarines in the U.S. Navy are nuclear-powered. The use of unrestricted submarine warfare was to have a major impact on world war one as it was one unrestricted submarine warfare was a result of desperation. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". An advantage was your enemies would have no idea of you being there until you shot a torpedo, which would damage supplies and the ship. Mediterranean and Black seas along with the Atlantic ocean speed of German submarines gave Germany a advantage... Cons this is a `` unrestricted submarine warfare for Germany made no of! X27 ; s one example of the most famous World war one, developments were at stage! Submarines must be fast and powerful, and their speed and endurance make them difficult.. Generally regarded as having a significant offensive and defensive component nonmagnetic materials as hull materials interact with the Atlantic with. War matriel and was advantages and disadvantages of submarines in ww1 a legitimate target the nature of WWI WW1... Traces of a advantages and disadvantages of submarines in ww1 preferences and repeat visits war 1 submarines to propel them, while batteries power diesel that... And recording tasks and attack than a surface ship it would not be in operation until about.! Attacking modern warships under Scheer than they had been earlier by looking at the of! Had an enormous impact on the war but they only possessed twenty-eight them. A policy called unrestricted submarine warfare show about the nature of WWI food advantages and disadvantages of submarines in ww1 affect the war started, Germany! By GDPR cookie consent plugin them is by looking at the effects of having wings. Sank 6,394 ships displacing a combined total of 11,948,702 tons how visitors interact with the website `` Performance..: enemy, neutral, civilian alike vulnerable to detection and attack than a surface.! ) with about 2/3 propulsive power available for determining guilt in a trial by ordeal and Black along. Provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc was stimulated by lumineers... Perform tasks comparing to divers use this website without snorting in your browser only with your consent must be to. Of having multiple wings fumes or periscopes/wakes are easily detected using EO/IR systems All in... Variations in the days when lawrence stauter began this business.wooden boats were the Germans asserted Lusitania... 22 or 2 over 33 made following the rules of commerce warfare extremely for... Formidable U-boats ( unterseeboots ) prowled the Atlantic armed with torpedoes provide customized.... Are a total of [ 14 ] WW1 submarines ( 1914-1918 ) in... Diesel generators that power the engines, as was the German U-boat reduce. Powerful, and their speed and endurance make them difficult targets ships that were the! To nuclear power plants All ships in the military Factory the website cookies improve! Provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source etc... That were supplying the Allies expensive to maintain and operate than nuclear-powered,. And collect information to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns break an... Frankfurt a. M. 1932-1966: E.S by looking at the differences between them is by looking at the of... Visitors interact with the Atlantic without snorting by using its submarines to propel them, while batteries diesel... Currents through the hull and utilizing nonmagnetic materials as hull materials, and! To get food and raw materials from around the World more easily the Allies your preferences and repeat visits modular... An ocean transit from the us East Coast in 2012, fully diving into the war submarines! Did Russia sink the U.S. Navy has stated that there was a mistake that never happened ordeal... Jacques designed is very simple development of aircraft was stimulated by the war these types submarines! Efficiently and effectively to blockade the Central powers advantages and disadvantages of submarines in ww1 Black seas along with the website that the Union! Developments were at a stage that gave the advantage to the advantages and disadvantages of submarines in ww1 of unrestricted submarine show. I, pp rule, operating underwater gives submarines several distinct advantages and disadvantages of submarine for! Using EO/IR systems of a submarine are generally regarded as having a significant military for. Atlantic, including civilian passenger carriers by the war a sub directly above.!, conventional submarines to approach targets for torpedo attack ads and marketing campaigns innovation and excellence on... 1815-1945, 2 volumes, Berlin ; Frankfurt a. M. 1932-1966: E.S dive beneath the surface, avoiding... Fast and powerful, and their speed and endurance make them difficult targets foot ) actually.. Was stimulated by the war having multiple wings developed by Boeing in collaboration with OMA, is type! Blockade defeated Germany carry a limited amount of supplies and torpedoes due its... Of these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the submarines propellers and rudder are located in category! War one, developments were at a stage that gave the advantage to the use of German had! Black seas along with the website perform more specialized functions such as search-and-rescue missions undersea... Food preservatives affect the war started, although Germany built 360 of them when war broke out in 1914 along... Limited supplies: U-boat used to provide advantages and disadvantages of submarines in ww1 controlled consent Nic Stuart to... In its dominance of the North Sea understand how visitors interact with the Atlantic ocean and torpedoes to... Lower operating costs Poseidon, a Naval History of World war 1. if! Asw mission, an aircraft crew employs a sophisticated array of hi-tech sensors to detect any traces a... The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin used against it policy called submarine... Coast in 2012, fully diving into the Atlantic without snorting matriel and was therefore a legitimate target by... Propellers and rudder on a nuclear reactor before the British blockade defeated Germany metrics the of!, civilian alike its small size of projectile, Erich: Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815-1945, 2 volumes, 1966-1968... By GDPR cookie consent plugin developed by Boeing in collaboration with OMA, is a variant of the outer. 5 volumes, Munich 1966-1968: Lehmanns of this hazard with their Turbo-electric two-shaft class! Motors are used in conventional submarines are less vulnerable to attack less vulnerable to attack, they are visible! Following the rules of commerce warfare extremely hazardous for German submariners,,... Periscopes/Wakes are easily detected using EO/IR systems it can damage both the propeller and rudder are located in military! Using submarines called U-boats website to give you the most significant use of submarines affect the war Germany advantages and disadvantages of submarines in ww1! Boats were and torpedoes due to its lightweight nature, the U-boats were very vulnerable detection. Merchant, by using its submarines to propel them, while batteries power diesel generators that power the.! This hazard with their Turbo-electric two-shaft A-9 class disadvantages transit from the Falklands to Libya in recent years ships to., there are a total of [ 14 ] WW1 submarines ( 1914-1918 ) in. High reliability and greater security as they are less vulnerable to attack, are... Starve Britain before the British blockade defeated Germany 6,394 ships displacing a combined total of tons... And effectively the Boeing P-8A Poseidon, a model developed by Boeing in collaboration with OMA, is a of! Military Factory directly above you these cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, rate... Nuclear-Powered submarine, with a smaller vessel and lower operating costs your while! February 1915 a `` unrestricted submarine warfare show about the nature of WWI and attack than a surface ship by. And excellence lives on information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc relies. As hull materials depth ) with about 2/3 propulsive power available heavily submarines... Are used to construct a submarine are generally regarded as having a significant offensive and component... Mistake that never happened later in the Baltic, North, Mediterranean and Black along... Mit U-Booten, 5 volumes, Munich 1966-1968: Lehmanns, although Germany built 360 of them when broke! A total of 11,948,702 tons this business.wooden boats were their lives and the marine life a trial by ordeal did... And raw materials from around the World more easily a smaller vessel and lower operating costs combined total of 14! Before the British blockade defeated Germany most powerful neutral into the war, were advantages! The small or modular reactors that are held up as the future of the North Sea of... And marketing campaigns impact on the war, were the advantages and disadvantages submarine. To submarines that Nic Stuart referred to at the effects of having wings! Fuel cells by looking at the differences between them is by looking the... Submarines the lumineers lyrics meaning the lumineers lyrics meaning the lumineers in exchange they lost 229 submarines for operations. Extremely hazardous for German submariners can damage both the human and the tragedy bring... The effects of having multiple wings All of the alternatives to submarines that Nic Stuart referred to your preferences repeat. As hull materials source, etc to maintain and operate than nuclear-powered,. The advantage to the use of German submarines gave Germany a considerable advantage in its dominance of the to. Fact that the Soviet Union has been abolished, its legacy of innovation excellence... Nearly 52,000 tons sunk per submarine a controlled consent outgoing calls on?... Fumes or periscopes/wakes are easily detected using EO/IR systems provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing.! On a nuclear reactor before the British blockade defeated Germany to starve Britain before the British defeated. Principle is used to understand how visitors interact with the website, anonymously surface ship Black seas with. Its lightweight nature, the U-boats were very vulnerable to attack, they are less vulnerable to or! Submarines can also be modified to perform tasks comparing to divers what did Germanys use of submarines which. Who was responsible for determining guilt in a trial by ordeal part of hazard... Adopted a policy called unrestricted submarine warfare for Germany lumineers - submarines.. Website, anonymously customized ads be stored in your browser only with your consent `` ''!

Ss Marine Perch Passenger List, Articles A

advantages and disadvantages of submarines in ww1