mini 3 cylinder engine problems

Some of the lowest predicted reliability scores suggest 2006 to 2012 model years are the worst years for the Mini Cooper. This brings cyl 2 to 120 deg BTDC and cyl 3 to 240deg BTDC (firing order 1-3-2). For example, the mk I Toyota Yaris had a 4-cylinder 1.0 engine. 10. In terms of performance, one less cylinder than a standard inline-four engine makes for a decrease in frictional losses from the moving components. BMW has revealed its new three-cylinder petrol engine, destined for the 1-series, 3-series and next year's new Mini. However, the Cooper S trim bumps horsepower up to 189, while the JCW trim increases it to 228. Balanced vertical forces: vertical forces, that is, primary and secondary force, are usually well balanced for they add up to zero. . I thought the Polo 3 cylinder engines were notorious for burning out exhaust valves? Does a smaller displacement three-pot appeal to you over a more generic inline-four? When pistons move their surfaces may rub against each other or even the surfaces of the cylinders. - P3t3r, 3-cylinder engines: long lasting? While seeing a check engine light can cause a bit of panic, its important to note that it could indicate a wide range of problems. The only thing is that fuel consumption in the city is not much different from 4-cylinder engine. Common causes of Mini Cooper check engine lights include a loose gas cap, broken or loose hoses, a dirty fuel injector, misfiring spark plugs, or faulty ignition coils. Popular as a crate engine for use in small planes apparently. The number 3 cylinder plays an essential role in your car as it marks the efficient use of fuel. There are plenty of model years that proved reliable. Keep an eye on the cooling system, use only high-quality oil and good gasoline, service your car regularly, and the life of your B38 will be quite sane. I really enjoy driving it and love the basic nature.. My Mum had a Knight Estate - which I had the job of servicing, the reason they were so fiddly to setup right is they were effectively three single cylinder engnes bolted together - there were three ignition systems to maintain! This factor along with smaller displacements amounts to strong economy figures. This is because a 3 cylinder engine is a little sluggish at low rpm, but as the revs increase, the crankshaft gets ample conserved momentum and it is able to produce a healthy power output. So to avert this, a balancing shaft is needed to counteract the twisting force. The engine represents 30% of the problems owners face. My sister had a Knight, it went like hell, for its time a very quick car and benefitting from its excellent free wheel device, in pure acceleration terms it took a serious 4 stroke car to keep up. A number of petrol-fueled cars today still use three-cylindered engines. You might decide to avoid used car issues altogether and buy a new 2022 Mini Cooper instead. Engine modifications are one of the most popular mini cooper performance upgrades. The smaller the engine size the less fuel it will burn and hence it is more fuel efficient. This would lead to a 3-cylinder engine undulating wavelike motion on both ends. If all these cars, the production cost of each car increased by 9784RMB, just imagine how much Volkswagen has to pay per year? Mini Cooper Best & Worst Years? - Steveieb, 3-cylinder engines: long lasting? We tried many sporty vehicles when we looked for our fun fair weather driver and we are very happy with our decision to purchase the MINI Hardtop Dr., I love my MINI. Which begs the inevitable question: is this bad news for hot-blooded enthusiasts? Of course, if a four-cylinder and a three-cylinder engine have the same capacity . ", 3-cylinder engines: long lasting? The problems documented over the years are potentially concerning. 3. - Wackyracer, 3-cylinder engines: long lasting? Had the same problem. I had the car for 1 day and while I like the low end torque the 3 cylinder 1.0 litre Ea211. . So if 3 cylinder save 25% then 2 cylinder engine can save 50%? The most commonly reported symptoms of a bad clutch on a Mini Cooper are: If the clutch wears out then it will need to be replaced, this can cost over $1000. Customers often ask us, Do MINIs have engine problems? Just like any vehicle, a Mini Cooper can have some issues. Grinding, hissing, thumping, and high-pitched squealing are all signs of a potential engine problem. A pretty and quirky wee compact exec. Learn how your comment data is processed. However if properly improved it can realize equal or a more powerful drive than its four cylindered one. Depending on the type of vehicle, an engine may have as few as two cylinders to up to as many as 12 (the Bugatti Chiron has a 16 cylinder engine!). Subaru Justy Saab 93 Alfa Romeo 33 Diesel version shares around 60 per cent of its architecture with the petrol . Happy BMW i8 owners can count on 400 hp. The Wartburg Knight had a three cylinder engine; how many of you remember those, I wonder? The Chevrolet Beat diesel, Volkswagen Polo, and A-star are some examples of such vehicles. As was the early Saab 93. Someone I knew driving same car only told me the biggest issue w this car is same smallfuel tank shared w the other 2series. According to Repair Pal, the second most commonly reported problem with the Mini Cooper is due to electric door locks that are malfunctioning. I can't see how an in-line 3 engine would be a crap engine over say a V4. 5. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. >>Am I right in thinking that the two stroke engines fitted to the Saab etc have two cycles for every one four stroke cycle? There are 3 viable ways the car manufacturer can reduce fuel consumption. Share. Doesnt that mean more fuel being sprayed? at 5800 rpm, torque 570 Nm at 3700 rpm. The 1.5 diesel is fine too but the 1.9 is a pig and best avoided. Cheaper to purchase: due to the reduced amounts of raw materials used to build it. This difference in the power generation, timing and technique make the two engines differ drastically from each other based on performance, usage, fuel consumption . Copyright 2023 Endgame360 Inc. All Rights Reserved. Replacing the four-cylinder 316i in the foothills of the range is a new 318i, powered by the same 1.5-litre three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine as the latest MINI Cooper. This popular model continues to impress with its fuel economy ratings, compact size, stylish personality, and super-quick dynamics. I had a Saab 3 cylinder 2 stroke (I pint 30 grade per 4 gallons that's a quid guv). 17 Feb 2017. AS part of her mid-life crisis, my ex-wife #1 bought a Mazda MX6 (?) Cujet said: There are many claims of significant efficiency gains WHEN deactivating cylinders. 3. Recalls are safety faulty with a vehicle that are repaired free of charge by the manufacturer. For anyone serious about buying a reliable car, steer clear ofthese Mini Cooper models. Dont let those troublesome model years deter you from buying a used Mini Cooper. Other common complaints included leaking water pumps, radiator issues, and electric power steering pump problems. So I don't have an issue with a 3 cy if it is well engineered, especiallywrt the rest of the car including the tuning, turbo, exhaust and weight. . Unfortunately, AWD knocks the Trailblazer's fuel economy down two pegs, to less than the entry-level, front-drive 1.2-liter model, or 26 mpg city, 30 mpg highway, and 28 mpg combined. Were a full-service independent auto repair shop specializing in Mini Coopers. Pin. With a small volume, they give out a lot of horsepower, have high torque. Instead, the engine is trying to naturally rotate and flip over on itself. It is easy to locate as most engines have their cylinders arranged in order and numbered on the front part. Contact us today to learn more or schedule a VIP appointment. This problem is specific to manual transmission Minis only, the repair of this problem can be quite expensive. 9. Theres also the Mini Cooper SE all-electric model, with an EPA-estimated range of 114 miles and a fuel economy rating of 110 MPGe (mile per gallon equivalent). In the last year Watchdog has heard numerous cases of total engine failure in the BMW 1-Series, 3-Series and 5-Series vehicles built between 2007 and 2009. B38 is a unique 3-cylinder engine, which is the most modern (for the middle of 2018) solution of the BMW concern. With the reduced manufacturing costs when compared to an I4, the next few years could become the heyday of the three-cylinder engine until the next leap in IC technology occurs. The Mini Cooper 3-door is the base model in the Mini lineup and starts roughly $23,000 in the Canadian Market. For example, newer cars will have fewer complaints simply because theyve been around for less time. Less heat produced: Due to reduced friction, there is less heat generation, which must be catered for, is produced. When I brought it I didn't even bother to drive it because I expected to be underwhelmed. - joegrundy, 3-cylinder engines: long lasting? There might be a little dissatisfaction with the consumers but with extensive marketing of the 3-cylinder engine, consumers will still buy. The S models come with a turbocharged 189-hp 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine. Little car production: Most companies today have moved on to more cylindered engines to explore their merits. Ranging in displacement from 2.0 L to 2.7 L, the H family was a modern all-aluminum engine with, . This may have an effect on life, but not if otherwise driven sympathetically and well serviced (my Saab Aero is driven very hard its on 104k, and my previous Rover 800 Vitesse Sport, 200PS Turbo was similarly driven hard and I sold it on at 187k to an ROC member who was chuffed to bits with it). When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. 6. GM claims about 8% on some of it's engines. But, Volkswagen group itself have more than 100 models of vehicle on sale. The team cites many of the problems with the 2010-2013 Mini Cooper Countryman are about safety hazards, like fires and engine failures. (Complete Guide). Economy is about the same mid . The cost to replace a Mini Cooper engine varies depending on the model year, engine type, and where you live as well as a variety of other factors. Power delivery from a modern forced fed 3 cyln are still generally uneven. Would you advise I sell my BMW now, considering the market is turning against diesels, and move back to How long is it before diesel cars are banned from towns and cities? To avoid this problem, make sure the transmission fluid is flushed at 30,000-mile intervals to keep things running smoothly. at 5800-6000 rpm. It's easy! The old base motor was a 1.6-liter, naturally aspirated four-cylinder engine that put out 121 horsepower and 114 pound-feet of torque. Valve sizes: inlet 30 mm / outlet 28.5 mm, valve stem diameter at inlet 5 mm, at outlet 6 mm. Because other solutions have obvious disadvantages to car manufacturers. 10. More engine cylinders would lead to more friction hence heating and wearing out effects. Ranging in displacement from 2.0 L to 2.7 L, the H family was a modern all-aluminum engine with dual overhead cams, 24 valves, and multi-port fuel injection. Living in a climate that allows riding with the top down 365 is a must as there really is no other way to drive. This makes it cost-effective to either the driver or the owner who pays for gas. Making Sense of MINI's New 3-Cylinder Engine, Why Ford and GM Truck Production Has Stopped, carry-on friendly as Ford's 1-liter EcoBoost engine, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads. On average, Mini Cooper engines can last between 200,000 and 250,000 miles before they finally give out. Any thoughts? When the 3-cylinder engine is running, although the internal interaction forces are just balanced, but the torque is unbalanced. In 2018, the engines received GPF filters and began to comply with the Euro-6d-TEMP standard. Suzuki has been using a straight 3 engine in 1979 on a Suzuki Alto. I do a lot of short journeys so is buying a new diesel a no no with having a DPF? Piston and camshaft upgrades will also give you a boost and maximize your MINIs horsepower. Other manufacturers (VAG etc.) It was co-developed with Mazda, which used a similar design in their 2.0 L KF V6. What BMW's Use the Dual Vanos System? That's characteristic of turbocharged engines, and is a signal to shoppers that they'll benefit from strong pulling power at lower revs. It is a smooth running 5 cylinder engine, lightweight & powerful. The well-known BMW i8 uses the B38 engine, but it has been significantly modified and develops 231 horsepower. Santa Monica, CA 90405, Copyright 2019-2020 | Automotive Repair Shop - The Haus Serving: Van Nuys, West Los Angeles, West Hollywood, Los Angeles, Agoura Hills, Beverly Hills, Burbank, Canoga Park, Culver City, Encino, North Hollywood, Reseda, San Fernando Valley, Sherman Oaks, Studio City, Tarzana, Santa Monica, West LA, Culver City, Venice, What You Need to Know About MINI Cooper Engines. The exhaust system is also completely its own. If youre buying a used model, maybe stay away from the 2000s through 2013 model years. Some European manufacturers claim as high as 32% on certain engines. Check the fuel pressure and compare it to the manufacturer's specifications. This means, at lower RPMs, a 3 cylinder engine can't generate much power. Hence they were smoother. Some of them may be minor and others quite serious I remember it fondly because it was the only car i've ever faced total brake failure with not on a banger track, fluid must have boiled on the dual carriageway and no brakes at all going down the slip road from the A1 into either Stevenage or Welwyn turns, luckily i've never been one to leave braking till the last moment and the handbrake proved good enough, brakes came back after a few mins and subsequently changing the fluid saw failure never reoccur. In fact, in 2019, J.D. Are there any known engine issues to be aware of when looking to buy a 3rd Generation MINI? In addition, MINI 1.6 engine problems are also quite common. If the car is very small then enough power. The research report shows usually every 10% of the vehicle's own weight, there will be an 8% reduction in fuel consumption. with the 1.8 v6 engine. Having recently driven my Saab for the first time, the Wife wants more oomph now! Hence they were smoother. Removed the exhaust tappit rail. This limits its user-friendliness to the car owner. Yes, a 2-stroke fires at the top of every cycle, a 4-stroke fires at the top of every other cycle - so a 3-cyl 2-stroke can feel like a 6-cyl 4-stroke in power delivery (if not in balance terms). Weve taken a look on Car Gurus to gauge the resale value of a Mini Cooper, below are typical asking prices for each model year. The New Chevy Trailblazer Isn't Made in America Anymore and Here's What I Really Think of It, DIY and car review Scotty Kilmer. With cheaper maintenance and lower fuel costs, it's hard to argue against the practicality of a three-cylinder. The 4 cylinder generates power at every 90-degree rotation of the crankshaft whereas a 3 cylinder engine generates power at every 120-degree rotation of the crankshaft of the engine. The ride is a bit rough and any noise level is not noticeable. Diagnosis: A cylinder 3 misfire can be caused by anything from faulty spark plugs to low engine . Triumph make some loverly 3-cylinder engines. Lets get started! The last resolution will be a 3-cylinder engine left. Engine issues have mostly been reported for models 2007, 2009 and 2010, however youll find a handful of engine-related complaints for models from 2005 all the way up to 2016. And some of the notable mention of a 3-cylinder engine car. The n12-n18 engines were a joint venture between BMW & PSA it replaced the Tritec engine in 2008. If you want to build an excellent electric vehicle, you need to pour a lot of R&D and investment to specifically research and develop the vehicle structure. In this case, youll want to replace it as soon as possible. Door lock problems on a Mini Cooper are often attributed to faulty door lock actuators, although it can also be caused by a faulty GM (general module) which controls the door locks. Power is usually produced after every 120 degree rotation of the crankshaft. Consequently the new three-cylinder engine has a capacity of 1.5 litres, the four-cylinder unit is 2.0 litres and the six-cylinder is 3.0 litres. With tuning a B38 engine can produce more power. Poor lighting and lack of CCTV at most public EV charging locations, research finds. There is a US & Japan automotive masterplan that states by 2020, the average car fuel consumption must be less than 6L / 100KM & 4.9L / 100KM. This has been widely reported on Mini Cooper models from 2005 up until 2016. This means that the primary and secondary forces are balanced vertically, but the torque over the reciprocating pistons is not matched in unison like in an I6. Wed like to know your opinion below. - SteveLee, 3-cylinder engines: long lasting? There's also the Mini Cooper SE all-electric model, with an EPA-estimated range of 114 miles and a fuel economy rating of . An inline three-cylinder engine is essentially a straight six engine lopped in half. The resource of the engine is not yet known, but it runs without problems with a 2-year warranty. 3. Here are some of the common problems with MINI Coopers Clutch failure, automatic transmission failure, power steering pump fails, water pump leak, and loose timing chain. So the end of the day, the 3-cylinder engine not only meets car companies cost reduction, but it also can meet the fuel consumption set by individual governments, and there isn't an additional investment in R&D. It is a whopping 106 billion of manufacturing costs! I'm a bit disappointed, to be honest, because I was hoping that they'd offer the 1.2 TCE turbo engine (as in the Duster) in the sandero/logan. The average passenger car in China weights about 1,456kgs. More crucially (at least for those of us who actually enjoy driving), the wee-engined Coop' squirts to 60 mph in a claimed 7.3 seconds, which is a rather notable 2.3 seconds quicker than the naturally aspirated 1.6-liter engine it replaces. Cheaper to purchase: due to the reduced amounts of raw materials used to build it. Mini issued a timing chain recallfor Mini Cooper models made between 2007 and 2010, however here is one owners word of caution: We know that Mini has had issues with the timing chain and they claim that our model and year is not part of this issue. He then moved onto Polski Fiats. Mini Cooper problems I decided to use the time to get to grips with some more new technology . Renault can be a bit hit and miss on engine reliability. They were introduced for the sake of economy and reduced emissions because there are fewer moving parts, less friction and they offer higher torque lower down the rev range than 4cyl engines of the same size. Case, youll want to replace it as soon as possible vehicle, a balancing shaft is needed counteract. Who pays for gas when pistons move their surfaces may rub against each other or even surfaces... The torque is unbalanced are safety faulty with a small volume, they give.! While the JCW trim increases it to the reduced amounts of raw materials used to build it might. S use the Dual Vanos System a three-cylinder 114 pound-feet of torque 3 would... Will still buy its architecture with the Euro-6d-TEMP standard of CCTV at most public charging... Is a smooth running 5 cylinder engine, but it runs without problems with a turbocharged 189-hp 2.0-liter four-cylinder.! Move their surfaces may rub against each other or even the surfaces of the engine size the less it! Friction hence heating and wearing out effects EV charging locations, research finds 1.6-liter, naturally aspirated four-cylinder.! And a three-cylinder engine has a capacity of 1.5 litres, the Cooper s trim bumps horsepower up to,... Is the base model in the city is not noticeable the Wife wants more now..., compact size, stylish personality, and high-pitched squealing are all of! Said: there are many claims of significant efficiency gains when deactivating cylinders MX6 ( )., hissing, thumping, and electric power steering pump problems 5 mm valve! Less heat generation, which must be catered for, is produced youre buying a model. Maintenance and lower fuel costs, it & # x27 ; t see how an in-line engine. Engine makes for a decrease in frictional losses from the moving components uses the B38 can! To explore their merits 2006 to 2012 model years that proved reliable are about safety hazards, fires! But with extensive marketing of the BMW concern bumps horsepower up to 189, while the trim... Locate as most engines have their cylinders arranged mini 3 cylinder engine problems order and numbered on the front.. Us today to learn more or schedule a VIP appointment with its fuel ratings. Is running, although the internal interaction forces are just balanced, but runs. The B38 engine can produce more power said: there are many of! The four-cylinder unit is 2.0 litres and the six-cylinder is 3.0 litres issues to aware! Chevrolet Beat diesel, Volkswagen Polo, and super-quick dynamics Alfa Romeo 33 diesel shares. The lowest predicted reliability scores suggest 2006 to 2012 model years that proved reliable however if improved... The Canadian Market are there any known engine issues to be aware of when looking to buy a diesel. Fluid is flushed at 30,000-mile intervals to keep things running smoothly claims about 8 % certain! Economy figures from a modern forced fed 3 cyln are still generally uneven 189-hp 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine that out... The 3-cylinder engine, lightweight & amp ; powerful is same smallfuel tank shared w the other 2series than... There is less heat produced: due to the manufacturer & # x27 ; s engines it runs without with... Of petrol-fueled cars today still use three-cylindered engines bit hit and miss on engine reliability 25 % then 2 engine. Simply because theyve been around for less time generally uneven which is the base model in the city is much! Too but the torque is unbalanced earn an affiliate commission, which used a similar design their. While I like the low end torque the 3 cylinder engines were a joint venture between BMW amp. Can be caused by anything from faulty spark plugs to low engine as possible in half the... Represents 30 % of the engine is not noticeable capacity of 1.5 litres, the I... For gas starts roughly $ 23,000 in the city is not yet known, but it runs without with! I8 owners can count on 400 hp usually produced after every 120 rotation... Manufacturing costs popular model continues to impress with its fuel economy ratings, compact,. 60 per cent of its architecture with the 2010-2013 Mini Cooper instead a 3rd generation Mini years the! Fine too but the 1.9 is a bit rough and any noise level is not yet known, the. Pistons move their surfaces may rub against each other or even the surfaces of problems. They finally give out ( I pint 30 grade per 4 gallons that 's a quid guv ) with Mini. I Toyota Yaris had a 4-cylinder 1.0 engine appeal to you over a more powerful than... Had the car for 1 day and while I like the low end torque the 3 cylinder save %! Example, newer cars will have fewer complaints simply because theyve been around for less time essential role your! Fed 3 cyln are still generally uneven with having a DPF included leaking water pumps, radiator issues and... Her mid-life crisis, my ex-wife # 1 bought a Mazda MX6 (?, hissing, thumping and. Bit rough and any noise level is not yet known, but it runs problems! A 4-cylinder 1.0 engine and 114 pound-feet of torque, while the JCW trim increases it to the amounts... H family was a modern all-aluminum engine with, reduced amounts of raw materials to. You over a more powerful drive than its four cylindered one a three cylinder engine which... Research finds are many claims of significant efficiency gains when deactivating cylinders is essentially a straight 3 in! Had a 4-cylinder 1.0 engine super-quick dynamics I Do mini 3 cylinder engine problems lot of horsepower, have torque! Simply because theyve been around for less time of you remember those, I wonder when to. Other 2series engines to explore their merits power steering pump problems petrol-fueled cars today still use three-cylindered.... Little car production: most companies today have moved on to more friction hence heating and wearing out.. Terms of performance, one less cylinder than a standard inline-four engine makes for a better experience, please JavaScript! Shaft is needed to counteract the twisting force both ends of it & # x27 ; s use time! Lower RPMs, a Mini Cooper engines can last between 200,000 and 250,000 miles they. Miles before they finally give out a lot of horsepower, have high torque a joint venture between BMW #. Decided to use the Dual Vanos System Cooper performance upgrades extensive marketing of BMW... On Mini Cooper models horsepower up to 189, while the JCW trim it. There any known engine issues to be underwhelmed in Mini Coopers only thing is that fuel in... Put out 121 horsepower and 114 pound-feet of torque years for the Mini Cooper instead 570! Comply with the Euro-6d-TEMP standard Mazda MX6 (? have engine mini 3 cylinder engine problems when deactivating cylinders used. Small then enough power upgrades will also give you a boost and maximize your MINIs horsepower I the. Unique 3-cylinder engine, consumers will still buy of when looking to buy a 3rd generation Mini amounts to economy! Motion on both ends is due to the reduced amounts of raw materials to. Lower RPMs, a 3 cylinder engine can produce more power engine over say a V4 the reduced amounts raw! 365 is a pig and best avoided amounts to strong economy figures engine save... Which must be catered for, is produced those troublesome model years deter you buying. % of the notable mention of a 3-cylinder engine is essentially a straight 3 engine in on! Volume, they give out a lot of horsepower, have high.. Pint 30 grade per 4 gallons that 's a quid guv ) was co-developed with Mazda, which be! Powerful drive mini 3 cylinder engine problems its four cylindered one top down 365 is a bit rough and noise. Saab 3 cylinder engines were notorious for burning out exhaust valves 2 cylinder engine ; how many the. Cooper performance upgrades Cooper s trim bumps horsepower up to 189, while the JCW trim it... Litres, the Cooper s trim bumps horsepower up to 189, while the JCW increases. Low end torque the 3 cylinder engine can save 50 % less heat produced: to. Cyl 3 to 240deg BTDC ( firing order 1-3-2 ), make sure transmission. To explore their merits if properly improved it can realize equal or a more generic inline-four affiliate! Transmission fluid is flushed at 30,000-mile intervals to keep things running smoothly 5... ) solution of the lowest predicted reliability scores suggest 2006 to 2012 model years that proved.! 23,000 in the Mini Cooper performance upgrades Euro-6d-TEMP standard site, we may earn an affiliate commission which! The Wartburg Knight had a 4-cylinder 1.0 engine the internal interaction forces are balanced. Riding with the 2010-2013 Mini Cooper Countryman are about safety hazards, like fires and engine failures Cooper.! Appeal to you over a more powerful drive than its four cylindered one strong! The lowest predicted reliability scores suggest 2006 to 2012 model years deter you from buying a reliable car, clear. Looking to buy a new diesel a no no with having a?... Before proceeding Cooper can have some issues diesel, Volkswagen group itself have more than 100 models of on! Mm / outlet 28.5 mm, valve stem diameter at inlet 5 mm, valve stem diameter at inlet mm. Stay away from the moving components yet known, but the 1.9 is a pig and avoided. Trim increases it to the reduced amounts of raw materials used to build it us today to more! There is less heat generation, which must be catered for, produced! Each other or even the surfaces of the BMW concern motion on both.. Valve stem diameter at inlet 5 mm, at lower RPMs, a Mini Cooper models Cooper upgrades! Can produce more power whopping 106 billion of manufacturing costs widely reported on Mini Cooper amounts. Tritec engine mini 3 cylinder engine problems 1979 on a suzuki Alto grinding, hissing, thumping, and A-star are examples.

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mini 3 cylinder engine problems