This section can be repeated as many times as necessary. This is accompanied by scripts written in TypeScript that will deploy the lambda using the AWS CLI (templateLambdaExpressDeploy.ts): This allows standing up infrastructure and deploying using simple commands such as (see Infrastructure Commands and Deployment in the Goldstack documentation): Deployments are configured in goldstack.json configuration files that are transformed into Terraform variables for standing up infrastructure and picked up by deployment scripts as required. When using Yarn workspaces, it is easy to infer what the local references should be, however, TypeScript does not do so by default. in our monorepo like this: If you look at the package.json file for the TypeScript project, youll see the build script implemented like this: This runs the build script on each of the nested TypeScript projects, compiling the code for each. Its multipackage because we have one or more packages in the repo. The ui-shared is made in the likes of but my package is of course much bigger. Now, this is important, because this is different compared to how its usually done. I thought this was the best way to show the benefits of pnpm workspaces because I can show you how to share a package in the monorepo between both the frontend and backend projects. For instance for deploying a lambda function, one can simply define a number of Terraform files (e.g. So after each time, a local package has been created (or really, a package.json has been created/modified) then go to the monorepo root and run npm install (and optionally check node_modules for the updated link). You can also add the folder manually that not includes package.json by Monorepo: As Workspace. You should try running these build and clean commands in your own copy of the full-stack TypeScript project. Our project should now have a package.json for us to use. What is a full-stack, multipackage monorepo? Before we go into the implementation, I briefly want to give a few situations when a monorepo may be a good choice for setting up a project: Yarn 2 workspaces provide a convenient way to manage the packages and dependencies in large JavaScript projects. Likewise it is easy to use esbuild. Pulumi is also a great option but I am not yet convinced that the additional magic it provides on top of basic infrastructure definition (which is based on Terraform) is required over vanialla Terraform. Follow us on Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, and Discord. LogRocket is a frontend application monitoring solution that lets you replay JavaScript errors as if they happened in your own browser so you can react to bugs more effectively. More information on monorepos and the technology used for this example can be found with the links below. In this example, we can build all TypeScript projects (we have three separate TS projects!) Next, create a ./tsconfig.json with the following content. Working with more and more code repos meant doing more frequent npm installs. In section 5, well talk about the magic that makes it possible to share these packages without publishing them. With pnpm installed, we can create a new Node project like so. Look in the example code repository under fullstack/backend/test/backend.http for a VS Code REST Client script, which allows you to trigger the REST API with an invalid to-do item. More content at PlainEnglish.io. That is not necessarily the optimal way to deploy lambdas, chiefly because this results in deploying one lambda function that handles multiple routes. ts-jest will also ensure that any error message will reference the line numbers in the source TypeScript files. From there, it symlinks packages into the projects where they are needed, thus sharing packages among all your projects. Try entering some text and click Add todo item to add items to your to-do list. Lets now create the packages directory and a subdirectory for package A: Now we can create the package.json file for package A: Well create a simple code file for package a with an exported function, something that we can call from the root package: Next, update the package.json for the root package to add the dependency on package A. You can see in this diagram that the frontend and backend are both packages themselves, and both depend on the validation package: Please try out the full-stack repo for yourself: Open the frontend by navigating your browser to http://localhost:1234/. Go ahead and run. npm does a similar thing, so its not really that exciting, but I think pnpm wins here because it provides more convenient ways to run your scripts across your sub-packages. Contribute to rhyek/typescript-monorepo-example development by creating an account on GitHub. Now lets create our root project. Check out Circuit. Again, thanks to Next.js native support for both Yarn 2 workspaces and TypeScript project references there is not much we need to configure in this monorepo. You can try this yourself if you like. Add this line to your package.json: The updated package.json file looks like this: Now that we have linked our root package to the sub-package A, we can use the code from package A in our root package: Note how we referenced package A. Okay so attempt #1 didn't quite work, but all the package managers have a feature called Workspaces, which npm describes like this: [Workspaces] provides support to managing multiple packages from your local files system from within a singular top-level, root package. Usage Workspace. While the monorepo templates generated on the Goldstack site have already been downloaded hundreds of times, there has so far been not much engagement on GitHub. This project will contain a simple type and function that we can share between our codebases. miss it! See https://github.com/tomnil/monorepoplate. Have you ever worked on a project where each app that was a part of it was in a different repository? Very important to me was being able to use Terraform, which I believe provides the most 'standard' way to define infrastructure as code. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. Add the following configuration options to it. It will automatically apply to all packages in the monorepo. Then, the validation library in the backend does the same thing: it rejects the invalid to-do item. Finally, create the folder src and the index.ts file. Before we create those however, we need to setup our base tsconfig.json file. Given this, I implemented a collection of lightweight scripts that allow standing up infrastructure in AWS using Terraform and perform deployments using the AWS CLI or SDK. Are you sure you want to create this branch? The example shared package well discuss here is a validation code library that both frontend and backend use to validate the users input. It returns a Promise with the results of the promises passed in. Could not load branches. Bit uses pnpm under the hood but automates a lot of the things that are currently done manually in a traditional workspace managed by pnpm/npm/Yarn. Another remaining limitation is the need to run the utils-typescript-references tool manually after changing the dependencies between local packages (to keep workspace dependencies and TypeScript project references in sync). Simply do not use the script and replace them with your preferred way to define infrastructure and deploy. For most new (and even some old) projects, Ive replaced npm with pnpm and my working life is so much better for it. Since we have configured TypeScript to be composite and incremental, we do not need to recompile TypeScript for dependencies of a package we want to test, which significantly reduces the runtime for unit tests. Each local package has its own configuration, such as, Each package will be placed in a subfolder inside the folder, The monorepo config will be stored in the root (i.e. Trying to add an empty to-do item to the list shows an alert in the browser; the validation library in the frontend has prevented you from adding an invalid to-do item. Our next step is to actually configure our frontends. Q: Ive run npm install packagename inside a local package, and (in error) created packages\packagename\node_modules . Now if we run the admin app and navigate to that page in our browser, you should see our header and our button. Yarn workspaces enable to create projects such as the following: Yarn enables to run a simple yarn add [localPackageName] that will add one local package as the dependency of another. Instead of guessing why problems happen, you can aggregate and report on what state your application was in when an issue occurred. Do not run npm install in the package directory. Make sure the name parameter of --workspace can be found in a package.json :s name field: This error can be caused by several things. Again, the --stream flag produces streaming interleaved output from each of the sub-scripts. rootDir , outDir and composite settings must be specified. Solution 3:Ensure that all the name properties in package.json files has unique names. vtereshyn/pnpm-typescript-monorepo. While I mentioned in the beginning of the article that I am relatively happy with the current state of my reference TypeScript monorepo template, I still think there are a couple of things that can be improved. This configuration will make the package build its result to ./bin with included TypeScript definitions. With this, we now have a fully functioning monorepo and can share code between our applications! Since without efficient bundling, we would need to deploy all code in the repository, even if individual deployments are composed of only some of the source files. pnpm has a very efficient method of storing downloaded packages. see lambda.tf). This also allows for developing more modular code. Follow me on Twitter for more content like this! LogRocket works perfectly with any app, regardless of framework, and has plugins to log additional context from Redux, Vuex, and @ngrx/store. The difference, though, is that the TypeScript project also has type definitions. pnpms support for sharing packages in workspaces and running scripts against sub-packages, as weve seen, is also great. This is optional, but I think its the best way to easily see all the output from both the frontend and backend at the same time. This blog post comes with working code that you can try out for yourself on GitHub. Next.js is a very powerful framework for React development and it is not too difficult to make this framework work in a TypeScript monorepo. We also saw how we can share code between our apps. But in order to do that, tsconfig.json needs to be modified to list the package(s). Interested in Growth Hacking? If you dont already have Node.js, please follow the instructions on their webpage. In this article, we looked at how to setup a monorepo using pnpm. Skip to contentToggle navigation Sign up Product Actions Automate any workflow Packages $ pnpm create vite admin --template react-ts, $ pnpm create vite client --template react-ts, https://semaphoreci.com/blog/what-is-monorepo. Otherwise I think most improvements can be made with respect to configuring the infrastructure in the template projects (see issues #3, #5, #10). Almost any kind of infrastructure that can be deployed on any of the popular cloud platforms can be defined in Terraform, and there are plenty of examples and documentation available. You can view this in the demo repo, which Ive linked at the end of the article. Inside of the newly created folder, create a package.json as (this means you will now have two package.json, one in the monorepo root and one here): Change the name and make sure the name is unique (and it must not interfere with npm downloadable packages). This makes it easy to compile all modules through one command. Follow to join 2.5M+ monthly readers. So, at the root of our workspace, we can simply invoke this command to start both our backend and frontend in development mode: Its also useful sometimes to be able to run one script on a particular sub-package. # pnpm-workspace.yaml packages: - "admin" - "client" - "shared" In my reference template, I provide an example that uses an Express.js server. I assume that is because this is a rather big and complicated project and I have probably been not successful at making it easy to contribute to. Here is the simple structure well create: We have a workspace with a root package and sub-packages A and B. Otherwise Prettier and ESLint will get in each other's way and make for a poor editing experience. Its recommended to choose a scope name, such as @suzieq (and it will keep your monorepos node_modules directory cleaner, read more below). next-transpile-modules requires us to provide it with a list of all local dependencies, e.g. Conclusion. Thanks for reading, I hope you have some fun with pnpm. Coding tutorials and contemplations on leadership and philosophy. npm. If this seems too basic, skip straight to section 3 to see a more realistic full-stack monorepo. Colorful Monorepo can help you to improve the development efficiency of your Monorepo project to some extent. Theres no doubt that frontends are getting more complex. Find below an example script (build.ts) to bundle code for a AWS lambda: Many JavaScript/TypeScript projects will want to include some from of frontend and in the JavaScript ecosystem we unfortunately often need to jump through some additional hoops to make different frameworks/libraries work with each other. A: So the workspace setup seems OK, but the submitted name of the workspace isnt found. We can add package B to our monorepo in the same way as package A. You should see some items in the to-do list. When using Yarn workspaces, we also need to ensure that Jest is able to resolve local dependencies. Use that script to directly trigger the HTTP POST route that adds an item to the to-do list. Thankfully using TypeScript and TypeScript project references makes the intricate problem of using Jest easier since we can make use of the excellent ts-jest Jest transformer. If that is the case, also enable the option disableSourceOfProjectReferenceRedirect which will prevent the code editor from constantly recompiling dependent modules. One can simply define a .prettierrc file in the root of the monorepo and run Prettier using that configuration file. If youre looking for a fuller picture, check out this post. Being forced to publish a package in order to reuse it conveniently makes for a painful workflow, especially if you are only reusing the package within a single monorepo. Alternatives such as the Serverless framework or AWS SAM in comparison more lean towards being special purpose tools. Next, create a new file called pnpm-workspace.yaml. by running the TypeScript compiler in watch mode). This works just fine, but for the sake of simplicity, that feature isnt used here. Let me break it down. The main issue remaing with respect to TypeScript project references is that these need to manually maintained. For this, I wrote a little tool that keeps the TypeScript project references in sync with Yarn workspace dependencies: Update TypeScript Project References for Yarn Workspaces magically! Note that when the composite flag is enabled, running the TypeScript compiler should include the --build parameter: This default setup generally works very well. To be able to import local packages from other local packages? To let pnpm know that it is managing sub-packages, we add a pnpm- workspace.yaml file to our root project: It stores all downloaded packages under a single .pnpm-store subdirectory in your home directory. npm also offers workspaces now, and they are usable, but it doesnt seem as easy to run scripts against sub-packages with npm as it does with pnpm. I dont know about that; to me, pnpm feels 10x faster. To use bundling tools for your deployments is critical in a monorepo. A Node.js package is a project with a package.json metadata file in its root directory. Its always a good idea to validate user input in both the frontend and the backend because you never know when a user might bypass your frontend and hit your REST API directly. To make this work, the following two settings will also need to be configured in a .vscode/settings.json configuration (see settings.json): Generally Prettier and ESLint work very well within a monorepo. A meta repo has the convenience of a monorepo, but allows us to have separate code repos for each sub project. You don't want to This guide refers both to remote packages (located on the internet and probably developed by someone else than you) and local packages. You can also download the zip file here, or use Git to clone the code repository: Now, open a terminal and navigate to the directory: Lets start by walking through the creation of a simple multipackage monorepo with pnpm, just to learn the basics. Using a monorepo for a full-stack project can be very useful because it allows us to co-locate the code for both the backend and the frontend components in a single repository. To demonstrate dependencies within the monorepo: Lets learn how to create this structure for our project. Q: I cannot run npm install axios --workspace=@xyz/abc. Switch branches/tags. Its a side note, but packages as used for a developer usually refers to packages downloaded from the internet by npm or yarn. We can create them in our terminal with the following commands. pnpm is much faster than npm. Note that the reference template and templates generated by Goldstack can be used without these tools for infrastructure and deployment. We can simply use the ts-loader loader, and everything should work automatically. New JavaScript and Web Development content every day. They allow breaking up a large project into multiple smaller modules that can each be compiled individually. The package we will be creating is named ValidatorHelper (just to pick anything). We need to do one little tweak to our Next.js configuration to make it work with all our local dependencies. What were doing here is telling pnpm that well have three projects that it needs to keep track of. You can review all the needed changes from the initial to final commit here.
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