The words were: Pindi pindeingy pindreingl cou-a-yana poon-maree wyv-gneahu Yangaronga gnaralonga cou-a-yana poon-maree wy-gneahn. The men seem to have been attacked singly and in open daylight. Once a fire was made it was kept burning as long as could be contrived, and even in their bark canoes they maintained a small blaze on a mound of clay so that cooking operations could be begun ashore whenever necessary. I. am informed they are camped between my place and Mr Boydells. When these leaves get dry, it will be considered about time to bring the boys back to the Kweealbang. Examination of Rodwell continuedit was not more than a minute after we came up to their camp, that the blacks threw their spears, and boomarings at us; they attacked us without any provocation on our part; after they threw their spears, four or five shots were fired from our party; I fired, and the deceased fired also I think at the man who wounded him ; the blacks still continued to throw their spears at us after they had wounded the deceased; Flynn pulled out the spear first, then discharged his fowling piece, and followed the prisoner; the deceased called out to me that he had been speared, and pointed to the black who had speared him; I afterwards took off Flynns shirt, and examined the wound ; the wound bled very little; I did not think it a dangerous one; the deceased did not complain of much pain; he walked the first day after he had received the wound, I should think 13 or 14 miles; on the next day he walked to the Courthouse at Williams River, which was about eight miles distance ; on the following morning he left the Courthouse to go to the General Hospital at Newcastle, but on the way I heard that he was taken ill, and conveyed by one of the drays of the Australian Agricultural Company to. On the 30th last I discov- ered in the bush opposite iny residence, three head of Mr Myles cattle speared. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. Howitt and Fraser refer to the people of that district as the Gringai. There appears to be clear evidence that the Worimi occupied the country bounded by the seashore from the Manning as far south as Norah Head and possibly to the Hawkesbury. In other stories Dharramalan is said to be brother to Baiame. It was there in the Dreaming, though mountains, trees, animals and people were not yet formed. 02 6571 1199, email Not only did many of these children die, those who survived were almost invariably rendered infertile, a hugely significant factor in Aboriginal depopulation. Figure 8: A sketch of a bora ground near Gloucester, showing the position of the two rings 18 chains or 362 metres apart. A newly releasedindependent heritage review commissioned by the NSW Department of Planning as part of its assessment for the mine extension determined the Ravensworth Estate was "likely to meet the threshold for state heritage significance for its historical heritage value". The Wonnarua people, otherwise written Wanarruwa, are a group of Aboriginal Australian people united by strong ties of kinship, and who survived in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. When this experience assured him that he was a self-sufficient hunter, he re- turned, when the leaves turned brown, to take his rightful place amongst his people as well as the responsibility that went with this status. To give th e canoe rigidity so that It could bear Its passengers safely, stretchers were ingeniously fitted at intervals along its length somewhat after the manner one sees In an ordinary clinker-built boat. This was to show that they were [grieving]. Further Notes on the Worimi By W. J. He did not own the land, the land owned him.. FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Indeed it seemed almost im- possible to hit a black with lance or missile if he had his cooreel in his hand. They were distributed over the district in local groups known as Nurra were were located [in villages] at distances about [12 kilometres apart]. Many years ago a party of blanks made a raid on Mackenzies men at Rawdon Vale, in the Gloucester district then known -as Kiripit the native name of that small variety of kangaroo rat. No doubt the Idea was that the fire would dry up the teeming heavens, and the artificial gusts from their mouths blow the storms away At Port Stephens it was the custom, when some of the boys had reached that stage of adolescence that their admission to the full privileges and prerogatives of the adult men of the tribe was deemed advisable by the older wiseacres, to segregate them for preparation for the ceremonies. The result was deadly to the natives. As they attempted to escape he had ordered the soldiers to fire upon them, by which he had reason to believe that one blackfellow with one arm had been killed and some of the others wounded. The men, exultant over the result of their prowess would immediately proceed to make a fire. The weight and strength of the whole spear was regulated according to the purpose for which It was specifically intended, thus the heaviest of them were utilised only for spearing the big sea mullet which swarm into the harbor in countless millions at certain seasons of the year. This is known as a bora; a place where boys were initiated into manhood. Of course, in certain ceremonies, they used certain clays for coloring their bodies. While this tumultuous noise is going on, the guardians say to each other that they suppose Goign [Ko-en] is killing all the women and children in the camp. He is always painted in front view; Dharramalan is drawn in profile. Taking away the boys.On the evening of the day preceding the principal cere- mony, all the tribes remove their camps close to the kackaroo, or public ring, where they remain for the night. About Mr Gordon Bennetts interesting articles on our Earliest Inhabitants just concluded. I further observe that the party who apprehended him and some others were subpoenaed on his trial, and the reward for his apprehension as notified in the Government Gazette of the 15th July 1835 (10) ordered by the Colonial Secretary to be paid to them. These were called cumiml, and varied considerably in size and construction according to the purpose for which they were designed. Learn more about this collection acquired by Alexander Morrison in the New South Wales Hunter Valley during in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Lettris The women twisted this fibre to the required thickness and length by rolling it on the front part of the thigh with the hands. Mr. F. A. Fitzpatric, a man remembered with respect as the editor of the Wingham Chronicle wrote a book which he called Pioneer Days on the Manning . The women were not allowed to go up this path nor approach the top of the hill at all. Shortly there was. No black would dream of going fishing after having partaken of a feed of fruit ) nor would he accom- pany any- one who had been similarly guilty. When the boys have been sufficiently smoked, their guardians take them away, and they are followed by the other men for about 100 yards. Wednesday, 23rd 1832]. To-day looking on this quiet and peaceful scene it is hard to believe that where one stand was enacted one of those terrible tragedies that unfortunately too often happened in the early days when the white pioneers were taking up the land and outsing the primitive aboriginals from their hunting grounds. The honey comb would be pulled out of the hollow limb and thrown down to a couple of mates below who caught it in a wide strip of bark. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 9 May 1922 Page 3 CONFLICTS WITH THE NATIVES. Inland from the Awabakal was the Geawegal tribe, whose country was part of the valley of the Hunter River, extending to each lateral watershed and from twenty to thirty miles along the valley on each side of Glendon. The hosts now get up and go outside, where they remain standing in a group, and one or more of their number commence sounding, the goonandhakeea or bull-roarer. A few sheets of bark, leaning on a pole against a tree, served him as shelter through days of sunshine or nights of storm and rain. A vivid chapter in the earliest history of Glen William deals with the wiping out of a tribe of blacks, and Black Camp of to-day doubtless takes its name from it. 1844, my father, John Scott, being employed in a secretarial capacity at Carrington by the Australian Agricultural Company. Never once In all my life at Carrington did I ever see a [child] slapped or chastised, and the younger fry could be mischievous and very trying on occasions. And the aborigines there being contaminated and emboldened by such example have lately become most troublesome at the different stations in that locality, killing sheep and spearing cattle, without concealment, and when spo- ken to threaten the lives of the shepherds. Note the construction of the canoe, and the fact that the man stands and the woman sits. A service provided by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. . Ethnological series No. A letter published in the Dungog Chronicle, by an RJ Hector in 1906 and based on a list of local aboriginal words originally compiled in the 1840s. The blossoms of the honeysuckle provided nectar, as did that of the grass tree, and of the latter children were especially fond (Dawson 1830:244). A family tree is a diagram that shows the relationships between people in your family. The children, even from the tenderest years, appeared to have appetites as voracious as their elders. Even your best guess will do. Illustration from Notes on the Aborigines of New South Wales - Plate 9 Bull-roarers used by the Australian Aborigines source: Wikicommons. When Europeans settled in the Gloucester-Manning area in the 1820s and 1830s, the Aboriginal people lost their homelands to logging, clearing and livestock. This was the Gringai tribe, a sub-branch of numerous native people that once inhabited the lower portions of the Hunter and Karuah river valleys. You can use this to build on. From my point of observation I beheld a conical fire burning in the midst of a cleared space, very similar to the one I have described as being at the foot of the hill. Of the earlier and major case he writes: Belbora alludes to the Gangat tragedy in the early Thirties, and is more applicable to Upper Gangat, where hostile Wallamba natives died thick from the effects of arsenical poisoning. Family Tree Project The WNAC are building the family tree of the Wonnarua people. The Museum works actively to build links with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities to ensure the objects held in our collections are always available to Traditional Owners, to activate our collections through programs that provide connections with living cultural practice, and to deepen public understanding of Australias First Nations cultures. It was manifestly a mere mockery to call upon the prisoner to make his defence before persons by whom he could not be understood, Mr. Nichols then submitted that the prisoner was entitled to his acquittal in point of law. It focuses on nurturing the history and culture of the Wonnarua Nation, improving the health and education of its members and managing investments to sustain the Corporation's work. It is popularly known as the Baiame Cave and is part of a series of rock shelters on an area of 80 hectares. The mothers wave their yamsticks, and when the men and boys come near, the women shout, and throw pieces of bark over the mens heads. Some with animals, others with birds and hands cut out of the bark. They never felled a tree, but climbed it by cutting nicks in the tree for toe holts. William Manton, of Karuah, informed us that Kattang with a different twang was spoken at Dungog. This service may include material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, AAP, CNN and the BBC World Service which is copyright and cannot be reproduced. Little trouble was taken over their preparation, it seeming to be a point of practice to scorch feathers and flesh into a delectable outer covering One of the most fancied foods was the flying-fox (kundewung), and great was the excitement that prevailed when these creatures were about. As soon as it was taken off, the blacks would pass it back and forth across the flames of a fire to turn up the ends, which would be tied into position with sections of string and fibre. Discover your story through inspiring classes and speakers from all over the globe. Flash Tommy was almost killed and lay insensible for several days. It was their only bridge, and all their children went to school over it. According to the Eather Family, the Bora ceremony was not held on the Meerea property but at another nearby location. This ap peared to cause great confusion among the women, who probably believed that their offspring had been captured by the evil spirit. Aborigines of the Hunter Valley Helen Brayshaw - https://goo.gl/rNPyFY. The principal bora ground was in Mr. Harold McLeods paddock and today one can see the ring plainly. The patient was seated or placed in a reclining position on the ground. This continued until the grass began to shoot on the grave, and then one night the tribe suddenly disappeared and we saw nothing of them for several months. Ironically, it is directly above Baime cave where Europeans first viewed the Upper Hunter, led from Sydney by a tracker from the Wonnarua tribe. The new-comer announced hls name and business and within a few seconds the whole crowd were jabbering ex-citedly and happily. Throughout the Gringai country [there] were many [aboriginal cemeteries]. About this fire, and in lines radiating from the centre like spokes of a wheel, were a number of naked blacks, their heads bowed to the earth. Brandy, the last of the Gingai related [a story of] a [young woman] who had spied on the secret bora ceremonies. . . Mathews, R.H. 1897. Black Jack Macarty, another native who had some authority let out a terrible yell and the fight stopped for a while. When going to the creek for water they were careful to look in some other direction. The lobsters were caught by the [women] who, on the sea front, dived down among the rocks for them. Each messenger on arriving at his destination would be received in the manner already described, and would hand the bull-roarer to the head-man, who would take charge of it, and the tails would be distributed to the men to whom they had been sent. These stems are roasted, and eaten by the Aborigines, who cut them for this purpose when they are about a foot and a half high, and thicker than a mans arm. has publicly denounced the use of the word Guringai. When green, if the camp needed vegetables for the menu, they were roasted and eaten In that fashion. He more than anyone, seemed to enjoy the joke best. The affair took place on the flat about 100 yards south of Camerons fence. By this time the men had commenced a steady clapping of barragans (boomerangs) or any other implement they may have had. Wauk Ivory as its name signifies, was the scene of a very big tribal fight in which the Kabooks utterly routed the Wallambas, as the latter never afterwards encroached upon the formers territory, but the casualties are of course unknown to us. The meat was cooked in the most primitive fashion. See what others have contributed about your ancestors. They also believed that the koradji were possessed of wonderful supernatural powers and besides bringing disaster to others could affect cures of all manner of ills among theIr own tribe. James Miller, the author of Koori: A Will to Win, writes an ancestor was from Eccleston, and regards himself as Wonnarua. The illustration above is captioned Natives of New South Wales - Mr Leigh knew them and had them taken from life by a convict. Possum, bears [koalas] and snakes were relished Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 3 Sep 1918 Page 3 DAYS GONE BY. It would be no exaggeration to say that their aim was very accurate up to a hundred yards, and it was possible for them to throw the lance farther than this. When the camp at the kweealbang has been completed the novices are placed lying, down in a row on the leaves which have been spread on the ground under the shelter, and are covered over with rugs, each boy having his guardian beside him. Their creation spirit is Baiami, also known as Koin, is the creator of all things and the Keeper of the Valley. You have reached the end of the page. . All the men at the goonambang then start towards the kackaroo in single file, march- ing in a meandering course, and shouting as they go. Often, some black would feel the urge to make something, becoming suddenly industrious in the manufacture of a large number of weapons intended to be exchanged for other articles with members of one of the neighbouring tribes. The lads of the tribe were my playfellows. Monday, 10th June. On 7th August [1830], Mr. Field, the constable, returned and informed me that he had succeeded in coming up with the tribe of blacks who had speared Delaney and killed the sheep. They could throw their little spears with deadly accuracy; they could use a shield with the skill of their fathers. The third difficulty is the racist presumptions of some of these texts. Some are said to have survived the operation for three days. This nomadic minstrel was a most important individual, posturing, gesticulating and leaping about the fitful flames of the camp fire he would sing, over and over again, his latest melody, which usually had to do with some well known incident. Backhouse also noted the Giant Lily (Doryanthus excelsa) flourishing along the route from Newcastle to Threlkelds mission on Lake Macquarie. While the covering is being placed over the women, a man runs away to the goolambang and tells the men there that everything is ready. 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