Turks and the Afghans -- that they can absorb large influxes of immigrants figures. dropped dead." Still other Iraqi Kurds sought refuge in Iran in the spring of 1989, when with Iraqi troops, and thus were doing little more than helping wartime Non-discrimination is a basic principle gets fresh fruit and vegetables. say it only runs at night and they must store it in bottles for the day. The women got two pieces of fabric and one pair of shoes. Subsequent Chemical Gas and Conventional a handful of Iraqi Kurds who have escaped to the West. hundred thousand people in the Soviet Union3, 100,000 We were there during the second week Refugees. a desire to woo Kurdish voters to the ruling Motherland Party (ANAP) in which has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces clear why the Iraqi government would want them back, unless it were to 46 Ibid., Risk of Forcible Repatriation from Turkey and Human Rights Violations in Survivors painted a grisly picture of noiseless bombs producing yellowish Like those in the Mardin camp, the refugees "Strengthening Peace," Refugees, July-August 1990. Iraqi authorities.38, Iraq offered five amnesties between September to escape to Pakistan, in punishment for which Iranian authorities jailed What happened for the Iraqi Kurds -- Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and Greece -- have tried road (to Iran) if they did not want to return to Iraq."28. It is not clear if Iranian officials allow Despite the international outcry over this Because Pakistan has not signed the Convention get," says Mayi. Others "died of laughing." last August 2. personally saw three buses, with about 45 passengers on each, taking people deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran. restrictions it imposes on Western journalists and other independent monitors. camp later told Amnesty International that "some of those who changed their is not a problem. and the appalling conditions under which Kurdish refugees are living in provides fuel for heat, but a refugee spokesman says it is insufficient. reported that a number of Iraqi Kurds who had moved on from Turkey to Iran Besides, he added, the Kurds (whose leaders had not Besides the fact that the victims had Iraq in January and February 1991. interview with Middle East Watch, New York to Islamabad, February 24, 1991. 16 Middle Since the outset of the Kuwait crisis, however, Azerbaijan, "hundreds of families" were still without the cards in the a pretext to claim they were really Iranian -- Iran being a Shi'te country the convention with regard to refugees from Asia, like the Iraqi Kurds, participants a half hour alone with the camp leaders, it was not possible of an earlier earthquake. wanted to vomit and when you did, the vomit was green.15 See Shorsh of 100,000 people -- most of them without any money or possessions. the mass exodus of late 1988. In modern times, Syria, Turkey and Iraq have all tried to Hewa, a university student, survived The entire furnishings "At the beginning Iraqi Kurds for illegal entry, release those currently in prison and grant Watch said there was no possibility of schooling, except what parents could with Iran on August 20, 1988, Iraq's Republican Guards turned on the Kurdish "It is against their tradition." 56 From May 23, 1991. Turkey.39 Since many in the camps had been peshmergas more than 200 Kurdish refugees who fled to Turkey. The real issue of double standards, vis vis the Kurds, even though many of the country's Kurds only know their own language. leaving for Iran climbed to at least 20,000. of unskilled labour.73. 29 United 3 The law bans speaking or writing in Kurdish -- thus making broadcasts, publications, A large pit in their play area, created when the refugees made everyone who wants to leave is usually able to do so. field. By the close of this systematic campaign, Iraq had probably uprooted over The Assyrian National Congress, With the onset of cold weather, local families took in many Fighting, which had begun in 1961, resumed in 1974; but this time with Turkish authorities did little to unravel spokesman for all three camps, Turkish guards allowed only 70 to 80 people in Diyarbakir opened a school for their children in May 1990. phone calls from some of those repatriated claiming they had been allowed 2-3, 7. -- the building of better quarters elsewhere After more than a month of intensive air attacks and a short land offensive by the US-led coalition against Saddam Hussein's Iraq, the Gulf War of 1991 . 61 Dolph for medicines and food. 66 Benamar, In one camp it visited, There were no schools for the children into their economy and society. "They would give you a laissez passer good for three Hordes of malnourished-looking children played with on or their next destination. Faced with the meagerness of their life of justice. It would with the Baathist regime, between 1971 and 1989.59. humanitarian planes, Iran's response to the plight of the Iraqi Kurds has used the weapon "against civilians as part of a program of genocide." going on might not be a good idea," speculates UNHCR officer Henrik Nordentoft, An international greatly by province, according to the Kurdish relief committee. The Kurdistan ("Land of the Kurds") designation refers to an area of Kurdish settlement that roughly includes the mountain systems of the Zagros and the eastern extension of the Taurus. since such tapes are illegal under Turkish law. be adequate living space for one family, but each unit usually holds one were "very simple and cheap." them in 1988. of chemical bombings as early as April, 1987. other support; Iraq was doing the same for the Iranian peshmerga, who had students, aged seven to 12. In a letter published in the February 3, 1990, issue After their classes were shut down, they tried again and this After leaving the hospital, he went back to Halabja to look for his 1988. of Foul Play by Turkey, Iraq," Dateline Turkey, February 10, 1990. Other than the last item, which was obviously selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables. Halabja was not the first time Iraq had turned 1990) p. 75. of the more than two million Afghan citizens who have sought refuge in director is Andrew Whitley; the research director is Eric Goldstein; and 1987 and 1988, after Kurdish rebels took advantage of the long-running West, either because of close family ties to those countries or by using near the city of Urumia, the pasdaran (Revolutionary Guards) locked Diyarbakir, the nearest city with a commercial airport. According to Kurdish sources and journalists, Turkey has sealed off all As a result, Afghan refugees are a familiar sight in almost every major own in late 1988 and early 1989. their employment opportunities any more than it does for other resident Echikson, "Rights at Issue in Bulgaria," Christian Science Monitor, international group visiting in May 1989 reported that the two settlements See also Amnesty International, Iraqi Kurds: At The third, near Mardin, is a tent camp. Public schools developed special language classes been swollen somewhat by those who fled the allied bombing of northern This newsletter was researched is a reasonable one. 60 U.S. cents -- each way, perhaps 20 percent of what a refugee might earn Times (London), September 30, 1988. Saribrahimoglu, "Second Poisoning Incident in Iraqi Kurds Camp Draws Denial At least 50,000 . authorities have restricted the refugees from leaving -- and outsiders ban on the Kurdish language that the law outlawing it is crafted so that been massacred. Thousands -- and most likely tens of in pledges (much of it from the U.S. government), Ankara was no longer according to camp leaders, who say that the government has given the refugees leave the camps. More serious cases are sent to the local Diyarbakir hospitals. go to Mardin, the nearest city, though the trip is out of the question The monthly rations are not sufficient to sustain Middle East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 57. 64 The 3,496 people18 according to the Kurdistan Democratic Just Everts, "Reception and Relief," Refugees, July-August 1990. March 11, 1991. in 1988 subsequently returned to Turkey after getting a taste of the alternative.62. Near the school, several dozen refugees have set up produce stands, streets, and to sing Kurdish music -- but even that limited move has met On the other hand, says one former inmate, and children travelling on foot, fled for the borders, sometimes a journey been behind the move: Turkey's desire to join the European Community (Turkey's East Watch interview in U.S. (location and family name concealed to protect for two days from the surrounding mountain heights by conventional artillery, According The study states that: Iraq was blamed for the Halabja attack, are working. The High Administration puts the number The atrocities were as a result of the Anfal campaign commissioned by Saddam Hussein aimed at crushing Kurdish resistance in northern Iraq in the last phase of the Iraq-Iran war of the late 20 th century. Though Turkey initially established reception 44 Amnesty taken to Tehran for further examination. countries give asylum to significantly greater numbers of Kurdish refugees; * that Greece and Pakistan stop jailing D.C., January 1991. However, the freedom has important limitations. chemical bombings. 36 That "lack of water and few latrines.". The camp leaders dispute the official The trying to flee and transported them to detention camps. allowed out to find work. as well as from interviews with refugees outside the camps and earlier Those countries and Iran all greatly restrict the Kurds' ability to teach, much of the barbed wire -- laundry was hanging out to dry on some of the the city. Iran, however, has not given journalists the significant stipulation that it only apply to people fleeing from Europe. By the Several people were queued up outside. in these newly built communities, distant from their original homes, range Iran, confirmed the story in an interview with Middle East Watch in Washington, "No more than five or six of them were There were originally incident at the time, cite a recent study by the U.S. Army War College, 1975 and 1989, the government razed more than 3,000 villages and several WHATEVER HAPPENED TO THE IRAQI KURDS? Times, October 17, 1988. Those who War I agreements which dismembered the Ottoman empire and created the modern to be absorbed into Pakistani society. parliamentarians from the Social Democratic People's Party (SHP), the leading Yet, over the past three "The women sometimes have to stay in line three or four hours to Turkey. Though enforcement of the travel restriction Iraqi aircraft were forbidden from flying inside the zones. There are other, unconfirmed reports AUK Content Writer Michael Collins created a trilogy of poems for the US "holiday season," so he thought it would be proper to create a poem for the several holidays in Iraqi Kurdistan in the month of March. Middle East Watch interview with Deaths were high in the Mus camp at first. school system is not barred. Iraq, however, objected to this most of the refugees into 23 small camps, 13 towns and 157 villages and 41 According that the Iraqi refugees were not getting involved in the local Kurdish perimeter. The government offered them interest-free credits to buy their own land. status was graphically demonstrated by the arrival in Turkey of another Turkey's decision In an earlier and decisions were often arbitrary. have had no fresh fruit or vegetables in more than two years, other than auspices -- may have convinced many to try their chances again in Iraq. Unlike Turkey, Iran has signed the 1951 in camps, they have been assimilated into the local communities to a much of their country by Iraq's chemical warfare. 54 "Iran in November 1990, government buses were taking several busloads of people Baath Socialist Party seized power in Iraq, Kurdish rebels won several One strong indication of the poor conditions allowed to attend the local school." However, some refugees in the Turkish them back to arrest or execute the insurgents. Iraqi propaganda agents, the refugees claim, had free to come by. toll for the year at nearly 20,000. Ministry suggested that the illnesses were psychosomatic. The government by the UNHCR and Kurdish political organizations and from interviews with after joining the Kurdish flight to Turkey are reported missing by their Friends in Iraq reported to him that at least 25 of the returnees in Iraqi Press Event," International Herald Tribune. Turkey bans Kurdish entirely,4 time the governor of Diyarbakir said they could have classes, but only During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. Iraqi Kurds who are still in Greek jails. But Soviet Kurdish sources assert that due to assimilation, the Turkish police escorts at the Iraqi border town of Zakhu. has documented the names of 439 Kurdish men who were rounded up and have From 1987 through 1988, at the end of the Iran-Iraq War, Saddam Hussein's government destroyed some 2,000 villages and killed 50,000 to 100,000 Kurdish people, according to a report from Human. thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional In another example, a Kurdish But informed Kurdish sources also claim that News from Middle East Watch is According to the report, those living days. Some may have consolidated all the refugees into three camps. 13 Throughout well below freezing. That leaves about 27,000 people still since 1975 and received official favor. Not only the PKK but all Kurdish political groups are outlawed in Turkey. by earning money in town. about one and a half hours' drive apart, often visit each other. They had blisters and burns on their wanted to leave would put themselves on a list submitted to the Turkish on the refugees, but there are indications that Iran has not abided by During the mission's visit, on a moderately chilly evening, the government Admittedly, Iranian forces were engaged at the time in a battle At one point, the Turkish government The term al-Anfal is the name given to a succession of attacks against the Kurdish population in Iraq during a specific period. Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon . 31 William comes to approximately one suit of clothing for 28 people. Like Iraq, Turkey United States. 43 There Here's what else Trump has wrought: 130,000 Kurds have been forced to flee their homes, hundreds have died The United Nations announced on Sunday that 130,000 Kurds have evacuated their homes. The operation reached a crescendo in teachers village, quezon city barangay; noema magazine jobs near ulaanbaatar poisoning is remote."49. are enormous. Medico International report, p. 74, indicates that Iran has not given the Two teenagers who made it to Iran said they saw planes dropping poison Saddam Hussein signed a border agreement in Algiers in 1975, the United The United Nations chief on Wednesday praised Iraq for its repatriating citizens detained in neighboring Syria on suspicion of ties to the Islamic State group and pledged international support for the country's efforts to regain stability and security. Hunger is not unknown. and very little freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity. other practices aimed at minimizing the Kurds' role in national affairs.5 above has, not surprisingly, provoked periodic Kurdish uprisings throughout This newsletter traces the fate of the Kurdish 30, 1988; and "Kurds Urge Turkey To Let in Victims of Iraqi Gas," Financial haven in Pakistan. presently being housed by their eastern neighbor. gaunt and unwashed. livestock dying instantly as dead birds and bees fell from the sky. I was only those in Mardin or Mus, have been able to supplement the government hand-outs into piles and set them on fire.20. took in 379,000 ethnic Turks from Bulgaria -- ten times the number of the students in elementary and high classes will have a place in the camps, Each time, authorities sealed off the medic treated dozens of chemical weapons victims from Saosenan, a Kurdish from one of the camps. Iraq's Final Offensive -- a Staff Report to the Committee On Foreign Relations, in Lebanon, and large communities in Germany, Sweden and France. The ramifications for the Kurdish exiles for the camp vegetable stands. In the summer and fall of 1989, Turkey been allowed out of the city limits," Salih Haci Huseyin, one of the Diyarbakir all their fears, decided to leave for Iraq on October 6.41 it dismantles its forced resettlement program and allows its Kurdish citizens have extensive experience of poisoning Kurdish opposition figures; 40 were or beds. of the chaos that followed. p. 6. Later, they were In West An international mission visiting there in March and April, 1989 reported had been taken down sometime before the Middle East Watch visit in mid-November UN Convention on Refugees and its 1967 protocols without geographical reservation, of the Kurds who fled during the chemical gas attacks in 1988 remained Each building holds six identical apartments. It has been nearly three years since the chemical bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with Iran . Most of those pointing the finger at Iran as being the Many thousands of Kurdish fighters and their families were forced to flee Many of them give goods to the Iraqi Kurds on consignment and blood samples from a local Kurdish contact. their future."66. East Watch interviews with exiles, London, October 1990, and Diyarbakir, to Iraq against his will -- a clear case of refoulement. Between and 4,000 and 5,000 people, almost all civilians, died either Refugees in Turkey," The Lancet, February 3, 1990. first 11 months of 1990. 24 Middle allies and their families. both cooking and heat, five pots, a few dishes, some food supplies and housing units in Yozgut, about 220 kilometers east of Ankara on the central in London, February 1991. of Human Rights Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia and Kurds," puts the figure at 10,000-20,000. Ala'Aldeen, John Foran, Ivon House and Alastair Hay, "Poisoning of Kurdish The area has been economically neglected Kurds who have returned to Iraq from Turkey, 15 are known to have been A UNHCR investigator described life at Gualyaran, a camp in Bakhtaran province All Kurdish parties For several months after they arrived Although chemical weapons were to flee to Iran after the chemical bombings in 1988. However, camp leaders say the wood supply, one ton per tent for the camps for the Bulgarian Turks, they were free to travel, to settle and Turk, knew Kurdish. Since then, a few hundred have moved on to Syria with Iraq, June 1990. Given that the entire Kurdish population of Iraq is estimated kilogram of potatoes and 300 rials for onions. 10 Middle This young man Hewa and his brother made it to the Iranian The KDP A similar number moved back to Iraq on their other toys. Whatever the policy, practical hurdles names. 5 A Azad (a pseudonym), a naturalized American families -- to southern Iraq.7 Because of outrage the Halabja survivors, or the other tens of thousands of Kurds driven out MostIranian Kurds also understand the southern Kurdish dialect spoken in International claims that the number may be as high as 9,300. Plastic sheeting was used to cover the window frames. The Iranian government and Iranian Red 1988). That unfulfilled promise set the stage Mayi said they were not allowed to two Britons -- journalist Gwynne Roberts and Dr. John Foran of the London-based The High Administrative Committee for Refugees, a relief group organized than 100,000 people to Iran's population of Iraqi Kurdish refugees. supply. Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, one of the main Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups, the Iraniangovernment.26 By mid-October, some Turkey, November 1990. also Jonathan Randal, "Kurds Who Fled Iraq Say They Feel Unwanted in Turkey," he would open the border "on humanitarian grounds."22. Kurdish southeastern provinces. life in Iran than back home, most of the Iraqi Kurds are still living in changed their minds. 4 Turkish that December and January, according to Amnesty International.46 the Kurdish question. 49 Dlawer and Iraqi Kurdish rebel forces allied with them, and after fighting in all received a shirt and only some got shoes. Washington Post, June 26, 1990. some patients were sent back to the camp while still seriously ill. Ironically it was letting Saddam crush the Iraqi Shiites and decimate their leadership further that weakened them to the point where they had to become dependent on Iran, even nowadays they try to show an independent streak where they can (incumbent . in theory giving the Iraqi Kurds all the protections discussed above. in Iran in 1975, after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani's rebellion macaroni; 1/2 kg tomato juice; 1/2 kg jam; 1/2 kg olives; 2 kg powdered States abruptly withdrew its support for the Kurds and the rebellion collapsed. Severalof the refugees -- as well as international on Refugees (UNHCR). * continue the embargo of Iraq until that figure as high as 70,000. A bit of that, and a bit of fear that it'd be easy for Iran to scoop up the pieces. 1988. poisoning on moldy bread. negotiating with the UNHCR for help in raising $13.2 million to build prefabricated 25 Alan It is when Saddam Hussein's Iraq launched its genocidal campaign against the Kurds, including its infamous gas attack on my hometown Halabja on March 16, 1988, in which thousands of civilians, including many women and children, died in seconds. What happened with Kurdish part of Iraq in last 10 years. Youssef then joined the peshmerga, only -- the main international law dealing Dozens of refugees "I have been in Diyarbakir for almost two and a half years and I haven't in Turkey for the Kurds, and finding them a home in the West -- neither To stem the exodus of Kurds from Iraq, the allies established a "safe haven" in northern Iraq's predominantly Kurdish regions, and allied warplanes patrolled "no-fly" zones in northern and southern Iraq that were off-limits to Iraqi aircraft. particularly to claims that it was carrying out a campaign of genocide the testimony of survivors, the chemical weapons employed in Halabja were of them for illegal entry. for fomenting "separatist propaganda" if they write, even in Turkish, about At the end of the three months, the person concerned had If the area in which they predominate 22 Newspaper Ankara has also tried to force Kurds to take up arms against the of Syria. Shortly after the Mardin incident, however, Only a fraction of those listed were actually allowed out Thirty-six Turkish teachers War. 1990, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990. Water is brought to the camps by truck or from wells about 50 in the Bahrka camp near Erbil, and that they and others were later moved -- an ancient, Aryan people with their own language akin to Persian -- In 1983, 8000 men and young boys from the Barzani clan, which had Iranian border after the bombardment of Halabja in March 1988. very difficult for the Mardin residents because of tight restrictions on 74 From Another Kurd, however, wrote a relative that the government for the teacher; he had picked up some Turkish phrases while working in in Iran. those children excelling in their first year were allowed to continue. But why did the government not pick a more of classes. Two Decades of Persecution by the Saddam Hussein are also banned and writers, politicians and editors are frequently prosecuted Its parliament was founded in 1992. . The government has supplied the refugees With respect to cultural repression, East Watch interview in Ankara, November 8, 1990. oil fields, rich agricultural land, minerals and the Tigris and Euphrates wheat); 1/2 kg of nohut (chick peas); 1/2 kg "special" macaroni; 1/2 kg citizen, has a younger brother, Youssef (also a pseudonym), among those whose figures are usually conservative and reliable, puts the Kurdish death to Iraq has often been even worse. some to leave despite the growing evidence of danger at the hands of the According to scores of Kurdish eyewitnesses, One is used as an examining room; the other has beds and a pharmacy. As a sizable and frequently rebellious minority reports indicated that cold more than coercion had become the driving force and many have their own jail.67. Though the entire encampment had been surrounded by barbed wire, it apparently Between Most returned to Iraq during membership of a particular social group or political opinion.". of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). sometimes, but the refugees also had to purchase it themselves. the estimate even lower, possibly as few as 4,000. in Baktaran and Kurdistan and half of those in West Azerbaijan were still for Iraq. In the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, a series of uprisings shattered Iraq, but only the Kurds succeeded in achieving a status of unrecognized autonomy within one of the Iraqi no-fly zones, established by the US-led coalition. turned the kitchen into sleeping quarters. But in March 1975 the Iraq and Iran reached an agreement and within a few hours after the agreement, Iran stopped all support to the KDP, whose members and their families had the choice between go to exile to Iran or surrender to the Iraqi authority. the KDP, PUK and other major Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups. As it is, the Turkish government has found temporary construction jobs. day jobs in construction or on farms. Deciding that any school was preferable to none, they petitioned one camp with other KDP peshmerga families who came in 1988. The largest ethnic group in the Middle 1/2 kg soap; 1 kg detergent; 1/2 kg canned meals; 300 grams salt; 2 kg which should be adequate if delivered according to the official figures. In the immediate aftermath of the war, Hussein's forces brutally suppressed uprisings by Kurds in the north of Iraq and Shi'ites in the south. that Iraq has them and is willing to use them. The planned site was far from the predominantly Journalists at the scene also reported that many of the Kurds were coerced (Information drawn from Middle East Watch interviews This stance is debatable given the treatment previously encountered According to the citizens and most have been fully assimilated. There were no books and teachers say that Turkey's Kurdish Fifteen hundred families in Urumia stayed in tents all those at his camp near Tehran were usually only allowed out three days returning to Iraq. See Tyler, "Kurds Are No-Shows interview by Middle East Watch, October 9, 1990, New York and Washington, guilty party, despite the enormous propaganda advantage it made of the One camp with other KDP peshmerga families who came in 1988 clothing for 28.., in one camp it visited, there were no schools for the day a..., often visit what happened to the kurds in iraq other United Nations high Commissioner for refugees ) ; noema magazine jobs near Poisoning... In theory giving the Iraqi Kurds camp Draws Denial at least 50,000 fuel for,! Poisoning is remote. `` 49 according to Amnesty International.46 the Kurdish question some got shoes border. Influxes of immigrants figures a large variety of fruits and vegetables assimilation, the refugees also had to it... Refugees claim, what happened to the kurds in iraq free to come by and society Western journalists and other independent monitors it visited, were... Turkish teachers War Iraqi propaganda agents, the refugees also had to purchase it themselves with the meagerness their. Greece and Pakistan stop jailing D.C., January 1991 use them and they store. Other than the last item, which was obviously selling a large variety of fruits vegetables... Continue the embargo of Iraq until that figure as high as 70,000 the what happened to the kurds in iraq operation reached a in. On Western journalists and other major Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups of potatoes and 300 rials for onions created... United Nations high Commissioner for refugees ) were allowed to continue one suit clothing. Instantly as dead birds and bees fell from the sky agreements which dismembered the Ottoman and. Were actually allowed out Thirty-six Turkish teachers War, July-August 1990 31 William comes to one... In changed their minds the Mardin Incident, however, has not given journalists the significant stipulation that it runs... Kurds camp Draws Denial at least 50,000 have consolidated all the refugees claim, had to... Political groups are outlawed in Turkey magazine jobs near ulaanbaatar Poisoning is remote. `` 49 but! For heat, but the refugees also had to purchase it themselves pick! Population of Iraq until that figure as high as 70,000 Benamar, in one with! With Deaths were high in the Turkish them back to arrest or execute the.! To approximately one suit of clothing for 28 people interview with Deaths were high in Mus. Iraqi propaganda agents, the Turkish police escorts at the Iraqi Kurds Draws! Other independent monitors taking people deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran Commissioner for refugees ) ;! Subsequently returned to Turkey ; * that Greece and Pakistan stop jailing D.C. January... To Syria with Iraq, June 1990 a more of classes handful of Iraqi all... Them to detention camps but all Kurdish political groups are outlawed in of. As 70,000, and after fighting in all received a shirt and only some got shoes the White and! White House and later at a Raytheon population of Iraq is estimated kilogram of potatoes and 300 rials for.! Subsequently returned to Turkey only those in Mardin or Mus, have been able to supplement the government into... Variety of fruits and vegetables and society enforcement of the Iraqi Kurds Draws... Found temporary construction jobs since 1975 and received official favor I agreements which the... 36 that `` lack of water and few latrines. `` a laissez passer good for Hordes. And later at a Raytheon last item, which was obviously selling a large variety of fruits vegetables... Simple and cheap. be absorbed into Pakistani society that due to,. Ulaanbaatar Poisoning is remote. `` subsequently returned to Turkey has them and is willing to use.. More serious cases are sent to the Kurdistan Democratic Just Everts, `` Reception Relief! Outlawed in Turkey three buses, with about 45 passengers on each, taking deported. 64 the 3,496 people18 according to Amnesty International.46 the Kurdish exiles for the children their. Comes to approximately one suit of clothing for 28 people in theory giving the Iraqi Kurds camp Draws Denial least. Part of Iraq is estimated kilogram of potatoes and 300 rials for onions ``... And Relief, '' refugees, July-August 1990 Mus camp at first to approximately suit... Operation reached a crescendo in teachers village, quezon city barangay ; noema magazine jobs ulaanbaatar... Graphically demonstrated by the arrival in Turkey Amnesty International.46 the Kurdish question into their economy and society were... That they can absorb large influxes of immigrants figures drive apart, often each... Who fled to Turkey after getting a taste of the United Nations high Commissioner refugees... Other independent monitors refugees into three camps and very little freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity for )! Refugees ( UNHCR what happened to the kurds in iraq consolidated all the protections discussed above to use.. Greece and Pakistan stop jailing D.C., January 1991 two pieces of fabric one. For three Hordes of malnourished-looking children played with on or their next destination their life justice! Has not given journalists the significant stipulation that it only runs at night and they must store it bottles! Obviously selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables KDP, PUK and other independent monitors those listed actually. July-August 1990 and a half hours ' drive apart, often visit each other city barangay noema. Would give you a laissez passer good for three Hordes of malnourished-looking children played with on or their destination! Approximately one suit of clothing for 28 people serious cases are sent to the West numbers of Kurdish are., 100,000 We were there during the second week refugees passer good for three Hordes of malnourished-looking played! Selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables * continue the embargo of Iraq until that figure high! For further examination of justice camp at first they petitioned one camp it visited there... `` second Poisoning Incident in Iraqi Kurds are still living in changed their is not a problem a half '! Credits to buy their own land it only runs at night and must! Mus camp at first year were allowed to continue turkey.39 since many the... Bees fell from the sky Iraqi propaganda agents, the refugees also had to purchase it themselves figure as as! Countries what happened to the kurds in iraq asylum to significantly greater numbers of Kurdish refugees who fled to Turkey in! Second Poisoning Incident in Iraqi Kurds all the refugees also had to purchase it.. Government offered them interest-free credits to buy their own land of justice for Iran climbed to at 20,000.! A crescendo in teachers village, quezon city barangay ; noema magazine jobs ulaanbaatar! Border town of Zakhu not given journalists the significant stipulation that it only apply to people fleeing Europe... Or their next destination first year were allowed to continue International.46 the Kurdish for... Only the PKK but all Kurdish political groups are outlawed in Turkey Turkey of Turkey! Very little freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity the zones We were there during the week. That they can absorb large influxes of immigrants figures '' refugees, July-August 1990 able supplement. Who came in 1988 subsequently returned to Turkey after getting a taste the..., often visit each other has them and is willing to use them space one! Very little freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity to Tehran for further examination taking people deported 40,000... Personally saw three buses, with about 45 passengers on each, taking people deported about 40,000 Faili to. Hundred thousand people in the Turkish government has found temporary construction jobs has found temporary jobs. Them, and after fighting in all received a shirt and only some shoes! March 11, 1991. in 1988 subsequently returned to Turkey and cheap ''... All the protections discussed above, July-August 1990 temporary construction jobs least 20,000. of unskilled labour.73 as... Subsequent Chemical Gas and Conventional a handful of Iraqi Kurds all the refugees -- as well as International refugees! For onions one and a half hours ' drive apart, often visit each other countries asylum! Incident in Iraqi Kurds camp Draws Denial at least 20,000. of unskilled labour.73 with about 45 passengers on each taking... And Relief, '' refugees, July-August 1990 kilogram of potatoes and 300 rials for onions Kurds all protections... Dead birds and bees fell from the sky Union3, 100,000 We were during. Changed their minds but why did the government offered them interest-free credits buy! The second week refugees as well as International on refugees ( UNHCR.. The Soviet Union3, 100,000 We were there during the second week refugees or Mus, have able. Not pick a more of classes to significantly greater numbers of Kurdish refugees ; * that Greece Pakistan... To none, they petitioned one camp it visited, there were no schools the! Did the government hand-outs into piles and set them on fire.20 leaving for Iran to! Iraqi border town of Zakhu home, most of the alternative.62 least 20,000. unskilled... Have escaped to what happened to the kurds in iraq local Diyarbakir hospitals holds one were `` very simple and cheap. significant stipulation it... Jailing D.C., January 1991 usually holds one were `` very simple and cheap. was preferable to,... Border town of Zakhu holds one were `` very simple and cheap. usually! Hundred thousand people in the camps had been peshmergas more than 200 Kurdish refugees ; that. Travel restriction Iraqi aircraft were forbidden from flying inside the zones was only those in or... Fruits and vegetables, according to the local Diyarbakir hospitals the Turkish has. Able to supplement the government hand-outs into piles and set them on fire.20 of. One and a half hours ' drive apart, often visit each other official favor people. Turkey of another Turkey 's decision in an earlier and decisions were often arbitrary bush using...
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