In total, 96 people participated in focus groups. Part of Nigeria | 80 views, 8 likes, 0 loves, 1 comments, 2 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Catalyst Specialist Health Consult CSHC: Various Cultural theories of Disease causation in Nigeria Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. It was the golden age of bacteriology. Bryman A. Thegerm theory of diseaseis the currently acceptedscientific theoryfor manydiseases. Antonitto A. The culture of the Tehuledere region reflects a mix of pre-Christian indigenous beliefs, as well as Christian, Muslim and migrant Cushitic Oromo (largest ethnic groups in Ethiopia) influences. 1991;630:212-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb19590.x. Qualitative content analysis was used. Epidemiology(Fifth edition.). The common types of diseases in Nigeria are; Malaria Malaria is a risk for 97% of Nigeria's population. Given the large geographical area and the number of small communities in the region, a decision was made to study five communities in depth to make the best use of the time and resources available. 1983;17(16):120511. Functionalists also study culture in terms of values. We will also share examples on how these common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness and its implications in our genetic counseling profession. 2005;83(1):7. Medicine finally shed the rags of dogma and superstition and put on the robes of scientific knowledge. (3) ecosocial theory and related multi-level frameworks. Prev Chronic Dis. This study highlights the importance of respecting beliefs related to the supernatural causes of illness and acknowledging relevant rituals where possible into biomedical health care settings. The health extension workers also helped to select 96 participants for 10 focus group discussions and 20 individuals (two from each focus groups) were selected purposively for follow-up individual interviews based on their demonstrated knowledge and ability to describe their experiences in the focus groups. Ulin PR, Segall MH, editors. Article The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century, and it is no longer accepted as a scientific theory of disease. Many authors have described cultures in which illness is believed to be caused by supernatural forces including witchcraft, sorcery, breaching taboos and disease-causing spirits (e.g., [2225]). Mishra SI, Hess J, Luce PH. Ethiop J Health Dev. Creswell JW. He approached this ethnographic work as an Amharic speaker and tradition bearer, a member of the Amhara elite, and also as a senior pharmacy professional. Principal Scientist & Act. [Female, Study Community # 5]. Epidemiology: man and disease. MHK directed the focus groups, key informant interviews and participatory observation, performed the coding, categorized the emerged themes and drafted the original manuscript. 2022 Oct 14;19(20):13217. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013217. 2016 Nov;46:121-126. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.09.001. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. WHO. Legal status of traditional medicine and complementary/alternative medicine. A world wide review. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. 4th ed. Article Theories of illness causation derive from the underlying cognitive orientation of a cultural group, and therapeutic practice usually follows the same cultural logic. These two individuals met regularly to discuss emerging themes and to refine code definitions, with periodic input from the entire research team, until agreement was reached on codes and their definitions. J Hum Lact. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.; 1970. p. 31527. PMC Environmental sanitation is one key cause of illnesses that was recognized by all participants: The water around the lake has altered its nature. TWIO. The participants were told that they would be participating in a group discussion about their health and what they do to maintain their health and to respond to illness. We also found acts in violation of social taboos or moral injunction were thought to cause illness directly rather than through the mediation of a supernatural being. Galens seeds were intended to explain why some people contracted a particular disease while others escaped and he located them within the body. It is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. Almost all the focus group participants emphasized the importance of God/Allah in their day-to-day lives without whom they said it is impossible to secure health. Bareilly, UP, India. Data were analyzed thematically using narrative strategies. Participants ranged in age from approximately 35 to 79years, with a mean of 42years. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2001. p. 187200. Human supernatural agents, such as Sihir or Woliy, Qallicha, Abagar and Debtera, are believed by the Tehuledere people to be an embodiment of higher spirits capable of casting a spell resulting in ill health. Development over the centuries of Human Civilization concepts of disease causation remained transforming and still not reached the perfection. Obot N (2012) Effects of cultural practices on health: The Nigerian experience. Two analysts (MHK and another Amharic speaking team member, TS) immersed themselves in the data by reading and open coding the transcripts independently and developing preliminary codes. We recommend that local governing bodies take into account community beliefs about illness causation when developing and implementing health promotion and disease prevention strategies. He would not be able to have enough food, this affects his healthWeve become subject to Ke ijje Wode Afe Nuro (hand-to-mouth livelihood) [Male, Study Community # 3]. In Ethiopia, people use indigenous medical systems as an alternative health care service along with the biomedical health services [1, 6]. One way to provide a bridge between the indigenous beliefs in supernatural causes of illness causation of the study community and health education based on modern science appears to be the health extension workers who have knowledge of both worlds. This paper tries to summarise these changing perceptions of disease causation and provide a comprehensive overview. The study communities rejoiced in their culture of eating together and sharing with those in need. A world survey. The researchers pursued various strategies to assure the quality of the qualitative data. Kassaye KD, Amberbir A, Getachew B, Mussema Y. The practice of epidemiology. 125"128. Soc Sci Med. We've encountered a problem, please try again. THEORIES CONCERNING THE CAUSATION OF DISEASE. This theory indicates that although modern medicine and laboratory science have significantly impacted the decline of mortality, the process of disease causation is far more complex than the. If God wants you to live healthy, then you live healthy [Female, Study Community # 1]. Anthropological approaches to the study of ethnomedicine. CAS . A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs and symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury is called a disease. International Classification of Disease: Revision 9th Clinical Modification. 5th, Millennium edition U.S Department of Health and Human Services; 2000. Epidemiological characterisation of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) from c Major flaws in Animal Disease Control Leading to Partial Success or Failure.pptx, Animal Disease Control Programs in India.ppt, Control and Eradication of Animal diseases.pptx, Vaccines in India- Problems and solutions.pptx, Conventional and non conventional antibiotic alternatives. If you dont tell the truth, you and your family will fall ill. hb```DV cc`aa,z0wCV)M\yZT"dRUG>!^pJ4*IHm4 #W}Lg``T PA&cqhd' -`A=L7ppv. Table 1 presents the Filipino words depicting the cultural beliefs and their corresponding English translation. The results of this study were based on a sample of purposively selected participants who identified as individual from Tehuledere community. 12. Unfortunately, the mainstream health education and primary health care system in the region focus almost exclusively on natural causes of ill health such as sanitation and infection. 2015 Apr;24(2):213-24. doi: 10.1007/s10897-015-9823-y. We consider people who travel at this wrong time bad, harmful, killers and thieves or people into something tricky. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Similarly, His absence or ones failure to revere Him was believed to cause ill-health. The disease is said to pass onto seven generations. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. The people in this area are members of the Amhara ethnic group and are largely Muslims. Article Mesfin H. Kahissay. Additionally, the authors thank Mr. Teshager Shiferaw for his help in data collection and early coding. The study communities also associated ill-health with social elements. Example: the more purchases made in your app, the more time is spent using your app. Members of the study community believes that supernatural, natural and social elements are linked to ill-health causation. The majority of participants in the study stated that the human body may malfunction due to old age or due to injuries sustained from accidents. and imbalance amongfour vital "humors within us. The breakthrough came in 1860, when the French bacteriologist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) demonstrated the presence of bacteria in air. 4. However, the germ theory of disease has many limitations. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Careers. Abstract Disease is an important entity in healthcare. There were a number of different forces in this category including: Almighty God/Allah or Egziabher, the nature spirits (e.g., qolle or quteb, wuqabi, awlia, zar and jinn), and human supernatural agents such as sihir, Buda/witch, Abagar and Rekebot. The ascription of misfortunes to natural objects pervaded by spirits seems to have been prevalent where by sicknesses, epidemic or contagious diseases and even death were explained in terms of punishment by enraged spirits. Some live healthy from their childhood without [enough] food or health care. Felipe-Dimog EB, Tumulak MJR, Laurino MY, Daack-Hirsch S, Silao CLT, Conaco MCG, Padilla CD, Estacio LR Jr. J Community Genet. Participatory observation, over a total of 5months during the span of one year, was supplemented by focus group discussions (n=96 participants in 10 groups) and in-depth interviews (n=20) conducted with key informants. The culture of the Tehuledere region reflects a mix of pre-Christian indigenous beliefs, as well as Christian, Muslim and migrant Cushitic Oromo (largest ethnic groups in Ethiopia) influences. Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections This broad category includes five distinct types of natural causes of illness: infection, stress, organic deterioration, accident, and overt human aggression. People in our village sterilize the equipment they use for these purposes. Presence of worry was also seen as part of being cause of illnesses, as one female participant explained: If he is angry, then he wont do his work, he would just be distracted by worrying too much, I think that might lead to other diseases.But we worry about everything which is another cause of illness; we get ill with the very little thing [Female, Study Community # 4]. In addition to supernatural and natural elements, the data presented here suggest that social causes of illnesses need to be added to fully explain the perceptions of the study participants. If health care workers ignore, or ridicule the spiritual beliefs held by community members they risk alienating the very people they seek to treat. When we drink it, we contract worms, they twirl in the stomach and give our kids tik, tik [Stomach- ache, salivate and followed by vomiting,] [Male, Study Community # 5]. Only single germ is responsible for causation of a specific disease. Methods for Cross-Cultural Communication in Clinic Encounters. This study explored the indigenous beliefs of ill-health causation among those living in the Tehuledere Woreda /district/ in North East Ethiopia from a socio-cultural perspective. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. So if he is able to work well and come back home without any stress, he becomes healthy [Male, Study Community # 1]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4052-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4052-y. Bull World Health Organ. Too often, indigenous medicine is criticized as harmful traditions as if it was a threat to human health. It states thatmicroorganismsknown aspathogensor germs can lead to disease. Disease Causation; Theories; Models. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites. In epidemiology the accepted model of disease causation requires the precise interaction of factors, mostly natural and behavioral, and conditions before a disease will occur [21]. Like all research, out study has both strengths and limitations. The beliefs about supernatural and natural causes found in this study are very similar to those described by Murdock (1980); however, social causes are not articulated in his model. In addition, all participants who participated in the focus groups and interviews gave informed consent either in writing or verbally (for those who were illiterate) after they were provided information about the nature of the study, and assurances that specific comments would not be attributed to specific participants. This article's focus on disease causation derives from the emphasis on the political, economic, and cultural context of illness that characterizes Africanist scholarship in this field. A belief of disease causation where it is thought illness is caused by misbehavior or intervention of a supernatural being. Google Scholar. Social, economic and biological factors interact to drive a vicious cycle of poverty and disease from which, for many people, there is no escape." In short, poverty is instrumental in cultivating conditions that allow disease to spread. In: Fox JP, Hall CE, Elveback LR, editors. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. L. W. Feezer. Health education and care solutions found to be effective in one system may not work as well in other settings [32]; however, some of the lessons learned from this study may be applicable to other cultural contexts with similar beliefs. Each of these sub-categories will be described briefly below. 2022 Jul 4. As part of this endeavor, we will describe in this paper seven common Filipino cultural beliefs: namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. government site. Week by week pregnancy (Baby and body development, tips), Human Cardiovascular System- Organs, Functions, Diseases, Human Heart- Location, Anatomy, Structure, Functions, Cell Organelles (Plant, Animal)- Structure, Functions, Diagrams, 16 Types of Microscopes with Parts, Functions, Diagrams, Feezer L. W. (1921). Hippocrates; Yellow Bile, Black Bile, Phlegm and Blood Miasma Theory: 500 BC Miasmas are poisonous emanations from putrefying carcasses, vegetables, molds and also the invisible particles. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Ideas about illness causation may include such ideas as breach of taboo, soul loss, germs, upset in the hot-cold balance of the body, or a weakening of the body's immune system. According to Hippocrates the theories of disease causation are the 4 humors, blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile. 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